In revenge, Phaedra wrote Theseus a letter that claimed Hippolytus had raped her. 2. Theseus: An Epic Hero. I see the son of Theseus coming hither-Hippolytus, fresh from the labours of the chase. Cross out commas used incorrectly by using the delete symbol. To reject Aphrodite was often inferred as a refusal to develop as culture saw fit. Theseus queen, Phaedra, fell in love with Hippolytus. Who speaks to Hippolytus before he dies? The despondent wife of Theseus is restless and wants to go away to the mountains, to drink from a spring, to lie beneath the trees in a meadow, to find rest. Her way out was through death. 10 Who are the sons of Phaedra and Theseus? Artemis reveals the truth to Theseus and blames Aphrodite's spite. Sometimes, the myth claims that the battle between the Amazons and Theseus was the war in which Antiope died. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Hippolytuss father was the famous Greek hero Theseus. However, he does agree to enforce the law where Hermia is concerned and agrees with Egeus her father that she should obey his wishes or face death. Where have I strayed from the highway of good sense? Shortly after, the chorus, still outside the palace, hears shouting. Phaedra & Hippolytus Mosaicmartin_vmorris (CC BY-SA). What is the Story of Jason and the Golden Fleece? Facts about Hephaestus. [4] Theseus, furious, uses one of the three wishes given to him by Poseidon, his father, to curse Hippolytus, who has fled the palace to go hunting. She cursed Phaedra to fall madly in love with her step-son Hippolytus. Theseus travelled to Troezen, where he had left Hippolytus to grow up with Theseus grandfather (and so Hippolytus great-grandfather) Pittheus. The nurse advises the queen that she must tell her story, but she is chided. They smashed the chariot and dragged their master to death. After Hippolytus exits, the palace is stirring because Phaidra suffers she will not eat, is nearing death, and refuses to explain what her illness could be. Theseus, the king of Athens, is serving a years voluntary exile after having murdered a local king and his sons. Unfortunately, Theseus had a reputation in Greek myth for falling deeply in love with a woman, convincing her to run away with him, and then abandoning her when he was no longer interested. During the campaign against the Amazons, Theseus fell in love with Antiope, the Queens sister. Although mostly avoiding involvement in the political and military life in Athens, he did serve on a diplomatic mission to Syracuse. To understand their story, you need to look at them separately. Theseus at the time was away from home, but her old nursecompletely devoted to her and unable to think anything bad that Phaedra wanteddiscovered all, her . Theseus (Greek: ) was the mythical founder-king of Athens, son of Aethra, and fathered by Aegeus and Poseidon, both of whom Aethra lay with in one night. ", "The shame of her cruel fate has conquered. Queen of Athens, wife of Theseus, and daughter of Minos (King of Crete). without knowing that he is accused of rape. And when that too failed me, I resolved to die. Hippolytus was hence banished. Not if Aphrodite had anything to do with it. Theseus was a famous Greek hero, also known as a king of Athens and a slayer of Minotaur. However, if the other version is to be followed, the Amazons attacked Athens to try and save Antiope. She makes his stepmom want to have sex with him which causes the tragedy to begin. Hippolytus lineage can be a little confusing due to all the different versions of the myth. The meaning of Hippolytus' name is ironically ambiguous. Greek plays often ended without any solution, leaving only suffering, turmoil, &. (193). However, on his way out, he was mortally hurt. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Theseus asks to see his son's body. This transition demonstrated the process of puberty and the change from boy to man. Artemis reconciles father and son by telling Theseus that Phaedra was lying, and comforts the dying Hippolytus with a promise to make him the subject of religious practice so that his memory will live forever. You walked with Gods in chastity immaculate! -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character Theseus appears in, Aphrodite vents her anger about Hippolytus, the bastard son of, refuses to reveal. Hippolytus is the bastard son of Theseus, the king of Athens. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. of Latona and of Zeus, peerless mid the virgin choir, who hast thy dwelling in heaven's wide mansions at thy noble father's court, in the golden house of Zeus. It creates an atmosphere of fear which remains with Theseus as he travels the labyrinth. Aegeus, however, recognized the sword and sandals, saved Theseus, and exiled Medea. Artemis believed that Hippolytus deserved honors in life rather than an untimely death. What are the physical state of oxygen at room temperature? Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream draws from several ancient Greek myths in some characters' design, plot lines, and references to Greek mythology.. Theseus (the Duke . 8 Who reveals the truth about Phaedra and Hippolytus to Theseus? She was the goddess of chastity, the hunt, the Moon and the wild. Followers of Hippolytus' cult cut off a piece of their hair to dedicate their chastity to him before marriage. When Hippolytus runs in to answer Theseus call, he tries to defend himself on the ground that such an act would be unthinkable to him, but Phaidras body and note have convinced Theseus too deeply. Why did Poseidon allow Theseus to destroy Hippolytus? Recent work has paid special attention to ideology . License. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. (209). She tells him that Aphrodite hated him for his temperance and disrespect, but she will be held accountable for her actions. Artemis looks upon the fallen prince and tells him, You are beloved by me (248). When Hippolytus runs in to answer Theseus' call, he tries to defend himself on the ground that such an act would be unthinkable to him, but Phaidra's body and note have convinced Theseus too deeply. To speak it out excruciates me, But it must come. He saw the nymph Thetis, who gave him the ring and an old crown. Entangled in the reins, Hippolytus is dragged to death. Poseidon sent a sea monster that frightened Hippolytus' horses until he could no . Theseus cursed his son and asked the god Poseidon who had owed him three wishes to kill him. The chorus leader asks Phaedra what she plans to do; she replies that she must die. criminal trial, but will try nevertheless. Equally, Theseus pride had a major hand in the downfall of his own house. Angry at his refusal to honor her, Aphrodite plots against him, causing his stepmother, Phaedra, to fall in love with him. As a result, Aphrodite says, she has caused Phaidra, Theseus wife and Hippolytus step-mother, to grow madly in love with Hippolytus, which sets the tragic course of events into motion. Hippolytus is set in Troezen, a coastal town in the Peloponnese region of Greece, where Theseus, the king of Athens, is currently in exile. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. The cast of characters for Hippolytus is rather small: Outside Theseus' home in Troezen two large statues stand, one of Aphrodite and one of Artemis. ", "I'll hate you women []. His illegitimate son is Hippolytus, whose birth is the result of Theseuss rape of the Amazon Hippolyta. Theseus, Duke of Athens. In Greek mythology, Hippolytus (Greek: , Hippolytos 'unleasher of horses'; /hplts/)[1] is the son of Theseus and either Hippolyta or Antiope. Unknowingly, by rejecting his step-mother, he has sealed his fate. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. King Minos sent Theseus into the sea to fetch a ring as a test. When Theseus discovers Phaedras accusations, he curses Hippolytus, who dies because of the curse. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Hippolytus, minor divinity in Greek religion. Theseus queen, Phaedra, fell in love with Hippolytus. The chorus leader sees that the queen is in pain and asks the nurse for the cause of her ailment, but the nurse sidesteps the question and only says she has her troubles. Theseus. In a note, she wrote in a final act of revenge that Hippolytus had attempted to rape her. Phaedra Phaedra is the wife of Theseus and therefore Queen of Athens. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? Hippolytus spent the rest of his days as a priest for Artemis, finally able to devote his life to the pursuit of his choice. The birth of Hyppolytus is the result of Theseus' rape of the Amazon Hyppolyta that is maybe why Hyppolytus is disgusted by sex and marriage. For this reason, poor Hippolytus became the target of Aphrodites wrath. Instead of paying homage to Aphrodite, Hippolytus, therefore, dedicated himself to the virginal goddess of the hunt, Artemis. To claim his birthright, he returned to Athens via a dangerous, labor-filled route, defeating six adversaries and beginning his career as a Grecian hero. Theseus, enraged at the actions of his son, cursed Hippolytus using one of the three wishes he was granted by the god Poseidon. Goddess of love. What are the terms for Theseus to receive his fathers gifts? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. In any case, he happily gave over another sister to be Theseus love interest. speculate on the cause of Phaedra's illness. Aphrodite would not allow this insult. Hippolytus has sworn an oath of chastity, rejecting both the beds of love and marriage. Aphrodite disappears, Hippolytus comes out with a wreath . When Theseus discovers Phaedra's accusations, he curses Hippolytus, who dies because of the curse. He had many great triumphs as a young man, but he died a king in exile filled with despair. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? As an able charioteer, Hippolytus did his best to escape, but the bull caused the chariot to collide with a cliff and flip. The protagonist of the tragedy is Hippolytus, bastard son of the renowned hero Theseus and a lifetime devotee of . And, as with other tragedies, the audience was already well aware of the myth and characters surrounding the play. Antiope was enraged at the betrayal, and so she fought Theseus on the day of his wedding to Phaedra. the balance that holds him [Hippolytus] in this world is slight indeed. 7 What are the terms for Theseus to receive his fathers gifts? (The sanctuary forbade horses from entering, which is why it is believed he lived there.) Who was responsible for Hippolytus death? Upon arrival, he aroused the ire of Aegeus's then-wife, Medeayes, that Medeawho attempted to poison him. When Theseus returns, he banishes Hippolytus without a trial and prays that Poseidon kill him. She vows to get revenge against Aphrodite for killing her protege'. Generalize : Explain why the interpretation of this story was so important in seventeenth-century arguments about the nature of women. It helps the reader to fully visualize the new setting of Crete through the eyes of Theseus. The death of Phaedra also starts events which would lead to the downfall of Theseus, for after Phaedras death Theseus decides that his next bride will be a daughter of Zeus. Hippolytus, minor divinity in Greek religion. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Classicist Edith Hamilton in her The Greek Way quoted Aristotle's view of Euripides as the most tragic of the poets. Theseus, refusing to believe Hippolytus' protestations of innocence, banished him and called down upon him one of the three curses the sea god Poseidon had given to him. That was the sad end of Hippolytus, despite his honor and loyalty. The Suppliants (also given as Suppliant Women) is a Greek tragedy Theseus is a legendary hero from Greek mythology who was considered Euripides (c. 484-407 BCE) was one of the greatest authors of Greek Greek tragedy was a popular and influential form of drama performed Achilles The hero of the Trojan War, leader of the Myrmidons Greek theatre began in the 6th century BCE in Athens with the performance Euripides I: Alcestis, Medea, The Children of Heracles, Hippolytus. Son of Theseus + Antiope. Next, this paper will explore the significance of Troezen and why it would have been used by Euripides in his version of the play. He was born on the island of Salamis near Athens to a family of hereditary priests. While most accounts claim Antiope was the mother, sometimes these events are attributed to Queen Hippolyta instead, making her the mother of Hippolytus. Theseus entered into peace talks with Deucalion. When the nurse relayed Hippolytus response to Phaedra, Phaedra was astounded that the nurse had shared her secret passion. Phaedra and Hippolytus. Unfortunately for the plays central character, Hippolytus, the goddess of love Aphrodite needed the young man to revere her, but he chose otherwise. I know he was a good man. According to some sources, Hippolytus had spurned Aphrodite to remain a steadfast and virginal devotee of Artemis, and Aphrodite made Phaedra fall in love with him as a punishment. This sadness may have been the cause of his leaving Athens in 408 BCE to live the remainder of his life at the court of King Archelaus of Macedonia. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Her suffering shall not weigh in the scale so much that I should let my enemies go untouched escaping payment of retribution sufficient to satisfy me. He blames an ancient unresolved crime among his ancestors for the suffering. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. When his friends finally found him, he was on the verge of death. Theseus intended for his sons by Phaedra to succeed to the throne of Athens, but for Hippolytus to succeed in his hometown in Troezen. Thank you! Until now Ive never been to bed with a woman. Hence, a similar scenario happened with Antiope. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. CLA 101 Classical Mythology Sp 22 (3).pdf. Is sent to live with grandfather Pittheus. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and University of Missouri. She kills herself because of her shame, accusing her son of trying to rape her. What happens after the death of Phaedra in Greek mythology? They do not exhibit the exact same traits or in the same way, for example the intervention of the divine world, but they both demonstrate the qualities of an Epic Hero. Come follow, friends, singing to Artemis, daughter of Zeus, throned in the sky, whose votaries we are. The Goddess of love and sexual desire informs the audience how she is angered by Hippolytus refusal to worship her. Artemis Goddess of hunt and chastity. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. His downfall at the hands of Aphrodite is most famously recounted by the playwright Euripides, although other, sometimes differing versions of the story have also survived. Powerful among mortals am I and not without reputation, I am called the goddess Kypris even in heaven. What Is the Demeter and Persephone Story Summarized? Pausanias relates a story about Hippolytus that differs from the version presented by Euripides. King, I am your slave, but dont ask me To believe that your son was guilty. Terms, Characters, and locations from Euripides' "Hippolytus" tragedy, king of Athens who killed the Pallantids and is exiled to Troezen. King Aegeus was Theseus father, and he put a sword and some shoes under a great big rock. (194). She is the daughter of Minos, king of Crete, and came to Athens after Theseus killed the Minotaur. It does not store any personal data. Enraged, Hippolyta leads the Amazonian attack on Athens herself to ruin Theseus' and Phaedra's wedding. Theseus returned to Crete to find Deucalion had succeeded his father, King Minos. In case the death curse fails, he exiles Hippolytus from both Troizen and Athens. Euripides opens the play with a soliloquy from Aphrodite. Hippolytus The characters and events of the ancient Greek tragedy have engendered many imaginative theatrical responses, both in, There is an altar before each image. As Hippolytus is carried in, barely alive, Artemis vows revenge on Aphrodite, promising to kill any man that Aphrodite holds dearest in the world. She is a graduate of Classics and English (BA), during which she studied Ancient Greek language, classical reception within its own time and throughout history, as well as Greek and Roman history. At the last moment, just before the arrow struck . 1 What does Theseus do to his son Hippolytus whom he considered guilty? The god then sent a sea monster that freaked the horses on which Hippolytus was on; as a result, he was dragged to death. Hippolyta was a queen of the Amazons, a tribe of warrior women usually thought to live in the city of Themiscyra on the south coast of the Black Sea. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Hippolytus, now dying, is brought before Theseus, and the two forgive each other just prior to Hippolytus' death. Insert hyphens where necessary in the following phrases. A messenger arrives with tragic news; Hippolytus is dead - well almost dead. Theseus, thinking that Hippolytus is responsible for his wife's death, punishes him and eventually he is killed. Hippolytus (Ancient Greek: , Hippolytos) is an Ancient Greek tragedy by Euripides, based on the myth of Hippolytus, son of Theseus.The play was first produced for the City Dionysia of Athens in 428 BC and won first prize as part of a trilogy.. Euripides first treated the myth in a previous play, Hippolytos Kalyptomenos ( . The semi-mythical, semi-historical Theseus was the great hero of ancient Athens. Hippolytus, written by Euripides, is the classic tale of a poor human who angers one of the gods, specifically Aphrodite. 6 Why does Phaedra fall in love with Hippolytus? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Theseus, I bring you news worthy of distress for you and all the citizens who live in Athens' walls and boundaries of Troezen. A bandit known as Periphetes had the habit of bashing his victim head. 3 Most Important Characters in Greek Mythology, 5 Awesome Greek Mythology Fiction Books for Kids, Aphrodite Facts: Awesome Facts about the Goddess of Love and Beauty. "Hippolytus." Why was Theseus angry at Hippolytus? She says: your wife feared lest she be put to the proof and wrote a letter, a letter full of lies, and so she killed your son by treachery, but she convinced you. Because Hippolytus has blasphemed against her, Aphrodite has formulated a plan to exact revenge. Shortly, the nurse returns and says that the queen has hanged herself. She vows to get revenge against Aphrodite for killing her protege'. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. As his central defense, he describes his own character. Theseus found the note clasped in Phaedras cold hand. I pray that love may never come to me with murderous intent []", "That husband has the easiest life whose wife is a mere nothingness, a simple fool, uselessly sitting by the fireside. Else, I assure you, had I not feared Zeus, I never would have endured such shame as thismy best friend among men killed, and I could do nothing. Theseus attacks the Amazons and marries their queen, who bears him a son called Hippolytus. Hippolytus reveres Artemis, and scorns Aphrodite, so she chooses to get her revenge on Hippolytus by forcing Phaedra, his stepmother, to fall in love with him. Minos had been the one to force Athenian victims to act as tributes in his Labyrinth every year, in penance for an old war between Athens and Crete. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. He soon learns that the queen had left a note stating that Hippolytus had raped her. His cult believed that Artemis asked Asclepius to resurrect the young man since he had vowed chastity to her. And those who dwell within the limits of the pontos and the bounds of . From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Theseus said he was the son of Poseidon, disguising his identity as the Prince of Athens. This myth recounts that Artemis was so upset by Hippolytus death that she brought his body to Asclepius, who was such a skilled doctor that he had the power to bring the dead back to life. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." 2 How old is Theseus when he is finally able to move the great rock? He ruled as "Virbius" from inside the shrine of Diana. She remarks that Theseus' son Hippolytus has blasphemed against her and worships Artemis instead. The goddess wrath had been fulfilled, and the terrible, cursed love of Phaedra had brought about the downfall of young Hippolytus. Theseus has exiled himself voluntarily as penance for killing a local king and his sons. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. He gets mad when he finds out Theseus used it on his own child. They agreed to improve the relationship between the cities, and Deucalion gave his sister, Phaedra, to Theseus in marriage as a truce gift. Barely alive, Hippolytus is brought before his father. Due to his unknown birth, Theseus has three curses from Poseidon and he is now using one to curse his son to death. Common Themes and Conclusions A common theme which runs throughout the entire play . Even though Phaidras greatest fear was that the truth of her terrible desire would spread, ruining her reputation, the nurse finds Hippolytus and, after having him swear an oath of silence, propositions him with the prospect of having a sexual relationship with Phaidra. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. His wife is. How Did Uranus get its Name as Per Greek Mythology? When he rejects Phaedra's desire, she commits suicide and accuses him of raping her. "To you your father should be a god" (Act 1 Scene 1, Line . Aegeus recognized Theseus and thwarted Madea's plan, reuniting father and son. They were, in fact, warrior women who enslaved men, used them to reproduce, and often sold their male children as slaves, or killed them. Medea left the castle and Theseus and his father spent every day together. One day, when Arcas was a young man, he decided to go hunting. Theseus and Phaedra had two sons, but around the same time, Theseus uncle named Pallas attempted to usurp Theseus. Theseus' words accuse Hippolytus of hypocrisy. But they all end with the death of Antiope and Theseus' marriage to Phaedra. Aphrodite cursed her when Hippolytus scorned the goddess to follow Artemis instead. (231). As a follower of Artemis, Hippolytus took a vow of chastity. 18 Jan 2023. He wished to be free and traverse the forests of Greece forever. World History Encyclopedia, 04 Jul 2018. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". She becomes so distraught that she commits suicide, leaving a note accusing Hippolytus of rape. Lives with Hippolytus in Troezen. Poor Phaedra! For revenge, Phaedra told Theseus that it was Hippolytus that tried to rape her. Medina Islam By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Hippolytus was the product of King Theseus' rape of an Amazon woman, Hippolyta, and had been reared all through childhood in Troezen by King Pittheus. All Greek God Symbols and Names are Here! In the passage given we are shown Phaedra's bitter resentment towards Hippolytus and Aphrodite (because Aphrodite, cursed Hippolytus by making him the object of Phaedra's lust. He is in love with Hippolyta and is excited to marry her. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Asked By : Craig Henry. She added that he felt the pitifulness of human life and no poet's work was so sensitively attune as his to the still, sad music of humanity, a strain little heeded by that world of long ago (205). However, the battle ended with her death. As soon as the chorus confirms Phaidras death. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Who was the daughter of Theseus and Hippolytus? When Theseus arrived at Athens, Medea, then wife of Aegeus, tried to kill him. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Unfortunately for the play's central character, Hippolytus, the goddess of love Aphrodite needed the young man to revere her, but he chose otherwise. Euripides' tragedy Hippolytus describes the death of the eponymous hero after a confrontation with his stepmother Phaedra, the second wife of Theseus. I'll not believe your boasts of God's companionship []", "[Y]ou will tell me that this frantic folly is inborn in a woman's nature; man is different: but I know that young men are no more to be trusted than a woman which love disturbs the youthful blood in them. A powerful but gullible man, he believes without question the story that surfaces concerning Hippolytus's alleged rape of Phaidra. The horses throw Hippolytus off the chariot, but he is tangled in the reins and dragged over rocks until nearly dead. Most famously, he outsmarted and defeated the Minotaur of Crete, freeing the Athenian captives held inside the labyrinth. What is this I've done? When he demands to know whats happened, In response, Hippolytus buries his head in his cloak, but. She makes his stepmom want to have sex with him which causes the tragedy to begin. He must move a great stone from atop them. Just as Hippolytus mounted his chariot to depart along the shore, an earthquake rumbled, a massive wave appeared, and then from the wave a bull ran forth and chased Hippolytus. While Hippolytus dies honored by his father and his patron goddess, Euripides does not accord Phaedra the same respect. While the Labyrinth and the monster within the Minotaur had been destroyed by Theseus years hence, there remained an uneasy relationship between Crete and Athens. What happens to atoms during chemical reaction? LitCharts Teacher Editions. Semigod (demigod) with two fathers, including the sea god Poseidon. Add commas where necessary. At last Phaedra admits she is in love with, of all people, her step-son Hippolytus: I believed that I could conquer love, conquer it with discretion and good sense. Web. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hippolytus-Greek-mythology, JewishEncyclopedia.com - Biography of Hippolytus. Teachers and parents! Premise of the myth Hippolytus is a hunter and sportsman who is disgusted by sex and marriage. The tragedy begins with the monologue of Aphrodite: the gods punish the proud, and she punishes the proud priest Ippolit, who abhorred love. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Spurned, Phaedra convinced Theseus that Hippolytus had raped her. Instead the bull killed Androgeus. If he does not die here, he shall die by the second curse: on foreign soil. The Latest Innovations That Are Driving The Vehicle Industry Forward. It is a tragic story of love, lies, and misfortune which would be read long after Euripides' death, influencing poets and playwrights such as the Roman Ovid and Seneca. Artemis goes on to say that despite his sins, Theseus may yet receive pardon because the blame ultimately rests with Aphrodite. All I know of sex is what I hear, Or find in pictures these Im not very keen To see, since I keep my inner life As calm and pure as I can. Suddenly, the goddess Artemis appears. His methods of dealing the bandits were simple but effective: what the bandit did to his victim, Theseus did to the bandit. When seeing Theseus, Phaedra was in torn clothes, pretending to be mourning and distraught because, as she said, Hippolytus had attempted to violate her. (245). So, when Hippolytus was riding in his chariot and driving beside the sea, Poseidon sent up a bull from the surf, and the horses were frightened, the chariot dashed in pieces, and Hippolytus, entangled in the reins, was dragged to death. (including. Hippolytus responds only with horror and disgust, humiliating Phaedra. I will reveal and you must face The sexual passion of your wife, Though what she did, seen in its own strange light, Burns with her souls nobility.

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