During the 30s and 40s there was also a strong independent circuits in Greater New York metropolitan area and in the Northeast.[38]. [118] The semi-pro demise in football lore is attributed to the flourishing of college football in the 80s,[15] and the subsequently rise in the never-ending talent pool for the NFL to draw from. [32], The last of the "Big Three Leagues"[33] was the Pacific Coast Professional Football League which started in 1940. [43] The most notable players are Johnny Unitas who played quarterback, safety and punter on a team called the Bloomfield Rams (Pittsburgh suburb) for $6 a game before joining the Baltimore Colts,[115] and Eric Swann who was the first (and so far the only) player to be drafted in the NFL draft first round from a semi-pro organization called Bay State Titans (played at Lynn, Massachusetts, a Boston suburb). It wasn't until Bob Crawford who owned and coached the professional teams from 1914 until 1922 that Conshohocken's football teams were cast into the national spotlight. In 1981 the association reached an agreement with the NFL to hold a special national all-star game for minor leaguers, the day before the Super Bowl, with scouts in attendance. Estimated between Sat, Jan 21 and Wed, Jan 25 to 98837. The AFFL was Officially Launched In 2017 And Introduced The World To Its 7 On 7 Style Of Football. Canada also have three prominent "Junior leagues": the Atlantic Football League (Maritime Provinces), Canadian Junior Football League (Western Canada and Ontario) and Quebec Junior Football League. The league played its last season in 1948, two years after the NFL moved the Rams to Los Angeles.[36][37]. Although in the end the league was unsuccessful, it suggested an interesting wrinkle that future leagues will use, as the players were assigned to teams base of the region where they played in college (hence the league name). At the NFLs Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio, there is reference made to the Watertown Red and Black football team being the first pro football team in America. The league teams sought relationships with the NFL, and several teams functioned as a farm system for the major NFL teams, like the Newark Bears, Brooklyn Eagles and the Jersey City Giants. Janssen was able to find dozens of programs listing the teams the Dutchmen played as well as the full rosters. From then until 2007, the league kept the same format, when the NFL decided to cancel it altogether.[59]. This is not really correct. The first, the International Football Federation flopped so miserably it is remembered as the shortest existing league ("one press conference"). GRAND JUNCTION, Colo. ( KREX )-The Grand Valley Kursed is a new semi-pro football team based in Grand Junction, and is owned by Jesse Bradford, who was a player with the Gladiators-the . One more high-level league is in hiatus, the XFL, which set to return in 2023. American Association suspended operations for duration of U.S. involvement in, Suspended operations in 1942 for duration of U.S. involvement in World War II; Some teams played few games at the newly formed (and somewhat informal). Today Watertown Red and Black is a powerful semi-pro team with a fine history behind it. The High Desert Phoenix Semi-Pro Football Team 2017 Champions, are accepting Football Players for their upcoming 2023 Spring Season. The league was one of the most successful minor leagues in history, playing eight seasons in 11 years, while claiming they're the "highest level minor football league" in the era. The AFFL Organization Consist Of Youth, Women's And Men's Competition. Teams in areas that have hot summers may start their seasons a little earlier. [2] The termination triggered the end of the era. [67] The first is the Spring League of American Football, a presumably high-level minor league that was first announced in September 2016, by two former Madison Square Garden executives, and still looking for initial funding. The least successful? The next attempt was probably the biggest since the emergence of the AFL in 1960, as NBC and the WWE collaborate to form the (original) XFL in 2001. The "league" was actually a circuit informal and loose association of independent teams playing other local teams and competing for the "Ohio Independent Championship". [52] The AFA followed the model set by the TAFL, and played "off-season" schedule during the summer (May to August). The semi-professional status is not universal throughout the world and depends on each country's labour code ( labour law) and each sports organization's specific regulations. Buy It Now. By 1896, the Allegheny Athletic Association was made up entirely of paid players. Learn more, [Official Thread] Russian invasion of Ukraine, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. A few traveling players, wandering the country in search of games to play in, were paid small amounts (usually under the table) to make local, small town teams look better and win. During it existence, The Seaboard Football League hovered between a minor league and semi-pro, as some of its players never got paid (most notable was Joe Klecko[49]) and other got only $50 per game. Another planned high-level league is the Freedom Football League (2018), which run by former NFL players: Jeff Garcia, Ricky Williams, Terrell Owens and Simeon Rice, with yet-to-announced starting date. According to the United States of America football leagues, semi-pro football players are paid around 11,000 dollars to 130,000 dollars. The league was used to test rule changes and technical innovations[57] and supposed to use as a "farm system" for the NFL teams. In reality, most teams often found ways around that, and acquire the best players with the promise of jobs and trophies or watches (that were later pawned by the players) to play against the area top clubs and colleges. [6], There have been professional football leagues of varying levels since the invention of the sport, and over the years there was an attempt to organize a development or farm leagues such as the Association of Professional Football Leagues[7][8][9] and the after-mentioned WLAF/NFL Europe/NFL Europa, but they failed to produce profits and cancelled unceremoniously. Semi-Professional Football is considered football that men play who get paid less than livable wages. Thorpe was an international star who brought football to a new level. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. Learn more. Base Salary (GBP) Find out what you should be paid Use our tool to get a. If you're the desired player of good quality about you, you will be looking to play in the higher division leagues - where the money is. The agreement lasted less than two years, after the NFL cancelled it altogether in 1948. Semi-pro football is a non-professional category of football. But, it is not sufficient to lead a life relying on these payments. Despite that, the league had some notable alumni including: Vince Papale, Jack Dolbin and Klecko. Canton was the premiere team featuring the legendary decathlete and football star Jim Thorpe. Ultimately, the league was one of the longest tenured high-level minor leagues in history, having lasted for 15 cumulative years, and producing players like the hall of famer Kurt Warner and Superbowl quarterbacks Brad Johnson and Jake Delhomme. But we'll try. When the UFL folded, and the Newark Bears of the ACFL unsuccessfully applied to join the AFL, two new national leagues formed. The typical American import player contract includes a monthly salary, housing, insurance, transportation (car), round trip flights, meals and possible performance bonuses. We came 3rd and won a cup final. 0 Pioneers Join Gridiron Developmental Football League For 2023 Season and beyond. The stadium was officially dedicated for use by Wheeling High School in 1927 and could hold 10,000 cheering fans. Which means no one is making any money playing semi-pro football. ", "Judge Approves August Sale For Assets Of Bankrupt XFL", "SLAF Wants To Bring NFL-Level Competition To The Spring And That's Not Even Their Craziest Idea", "Schwartz: Spring League Of American Football Set To Debut In 2018", "Ricky Williams, collection of former NFL stars launching Freedom Football League", "Daytona Becomes 1st City In New Spring Football League", "Semi-Pro Major League Football Team Looking to Launch in 2022", "New professional football league launching this fall, includes team from Sacramento", "New pro football league includes Sacramento among list of debut cities for fall games", "Sacramento's new pro football team delayed as league pushes back its debut", "World Professional Football Association", "THE BEST LITTLE QUARTERBACK YOU NEVER HEARD OF? U.S. Average $35,414 $10,141 $178,322 Base Salary $35,414 Bonus N/A Get Bonus N/A Join Comparably for free to anonymously compare compensation and culture data. By 1896, the Allegheny Athletic Association was made up entirely of paid players. Copyright 2023 Revolution Football, all rights reserved. [126][127][128] Another organization is the USA Bowl Championship Series[129] that ranks the top 25 semi-pro/amateur teams in the country, and attempts to crown the annual "National Champion" at the USA Bowl. Folded without playing. The league was formed by the strongest independent teams in the region, including the Memphis Tigers, who claimed the "national pro championship" in 1929, after beating the NFL champions the Green Bay Packers. The first year team for the Vermont Ice Storm in the New England Football League is made up of players who love football so much that they pay to play semi-pro football. Despite that, the league had some notable alumni including: Vince Papale, Jack Dolbin and Klecko. When it came back, the league was based entirely in Europe, was reduced to six teams and re-branded in 1998 as NFL Europe. Football is especially suited for semi-pro play, and most leagues often operate at a semi-professional level due to cost concerns. For free. [63], The second was the relaunched version of the XFL, as Vince McMahon hired Oliver Luck as commissioner. The league demise is attribute to the fact the NFL severed ties with all minor league teams in 1948. During the era five high-profile attempts All American Football League and United National Gridiron League in 2007, New United States Football League with two separate attempts in 2010 and 2014, and the A-11 Football League (2014) never materialize and made it even harder for other future leagues. Six other planned leagues tried to throw their hat to the ring, but have yet to launch. Lisa Marie Presley's condition is not looking good. By early 1962 it was being used by several local high school . And, as of this month, HM. Although 14 million viewers who tuned in for the first game, the Nielsen ratings was later plummeted because of mediocre football, and triggered NBC to pulled out of its broadcast contract, and the league folded after one season. The league first collapse in 1972, along with the Midwest Professional Football League demise, ended the era of NFL teams having their own individual farm teams. The FXFL attracted the final NFL roster cuts, for the purpose of keeping them "in football shape, physically and mentally". Working Class / Left wing football clubs? 4, No. 2022 Promo. The series played indoors at New York City's Madison Square Garden and consisted of five teams, three from the state of New York, one from New Jersey, and another team called "New York", but comprising two Philadelphia teams - the Athletics and the Phillies. Over time there was attempts to start a rival major leagues, as the last one was the USFL, but most leagues that followed were high-level minor leagues such as the XFL, the UFL and the AAF. [167] The league held special global scouting combine in Europe, Mexico and Japan,[168] and in 2019 held a special draft for Mexican born players, and another one for European players. Since 2017, the Canadian Football League has tried to globalize as well,[166] and made partnership agreements with football leagues in Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. He won a gold medal in the in the decathlon in Stockholm in 1912. A league scout will call you within 3 business days of reserving your spot to complete your tryout profile. Semi-Professional Football is considered football that men play who get paid less than livable wages. Started in 1969 as a Midwestern circuit with loose association between the teams. 5 win bonus. [169] Today the CFL feature two designated "global players" roster spots from countries outside the US and Canada on its nine member clubs. If you love football as much as we do, you can't stand to go through the offseason without it. SEMI - PRO FOOTBALL FACTS. The second the Continental Football League (CoFL), which ran from 1965 to 1971 was probably the biggest in the era, and attracted the ACFL three best teams: Hartford Charter Oaks, Newark Bears and Springfield Acorns (as the Norfolk Neptunes). Unofficial NFL minor league, that featured NFL farm team(s). Earn up to 5x points when you use your eBay Mastercard. ATHLETES WANTED!!!!! The first league was the Regional Football League that played one season in 1999, and had aspirations to be considered a high-level minor league, as they self-styled themselves as the "Major league of spring football". Ron Real, president of the American Football Association, said, "Semi-pro football is more of a participant sport than a spectator sport." Players are . [172][173] The league is a professional American football league,[174] and consists of 17 teams located in 9 countries (Germany, Poland, Spain, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Czech Republic and France), with plans to expand to 24 teams by 2025. A Columbus, OH attorney who had just launched a mid-west semi-professional football league came to Wheeling, WV for a federal court matter and saw Wheeling Island Stadium. Considering the average league footballer earns 60,000 a week (3m a year), they probably have a point. The prominent present-day leagues in the "Adult Amateur"/ "Semi-Pro" US circuit are: * The NEFL is unique in the American sports landscape, allowing promotion and relegation among conferences. The ultimate factor is what league and what team. By the end of the era there was one last attempt to organized non-NFL pro teams under one umbrella, with the establishment of the Minor Professional Football Association, which represented more than 200 teams and about 10,000 players. 3 Southern NH Beavers Semi-Pro Football and Cheer: 1181 2523 The Southern NH Beavers is the NEFL's 2007 Organization of the year. The Watertown Red & Black, a semi-professional team that currently plays in the Empire Football League, is the oldest existing football club, tracing its history to 1896. New players pay $250 and returning players pay $150 Our games are held on Saturdays at the Rockton Sports Complex We're proud to be fierce competitors and championship contenders If you want to join our semi-pro league football team, make a donation or find out more about our program, don't hesitate to give us a call today. Coaches and clubs want to invest in players they know can get the job done. ", "WLAF attendance surpassing early hopes in Europe and Canada", "Europe Takes to WLAF, but Will It Catch on Here? The semi-pro game experienced two peak periods, the first in the 1950s and than in the 1970s through the 1980s, when minor leagues started disappearing. [69] Contrary to the Pac Pro, the Your Call Football league did start, lasted two years (2018-2019) and featured concepts that gave the fans the power to control the outcome (also adopted by the indoor Fan Controlled Football league), but was abandoned when its parent company had moved on to adapting the technology in other sporting environments. The Offensive Player's of the Week are #9 D. Julian who went 7/167 yards with 3 TD's and #4 D. Morrison who had 2 catches for 118 yards and 2 TD's. The Defensive Player's of the Week are #26 A. Gordon II who had 5 tackles and a forced fumble and #90 K. Brown who had 5 tackles and 1 sack. The league allowed black players to participate, including the last African-American in the NFL Joe Lillard (Clifton Wessingtons) and most teams scheduled games against the independent Fritz Pollard's Harlem Brown Bombers. The second, the Spring Football League, was founded by several ex-NFL players (Bo Jackson, Drew Pearson, Eric Dickerson and Tony Dorsett) but failed to attract big investors because of the tech-market crash of 2000, and was cancelled after only two weeks. Chiefs, 29-3", "Ocala Star-Banner - Google News Archive Search", "The Tuscaloosa News - Google News Archive Search", "Europe Takes to WLAF, but Will It Catch on Here? The "Big Three" reached an agreement with the NFL, and in 1946 formed the Association of Professional Football Leagues for a formal farm system with the league. [12], Over their existence, the CoFL arguably had better talent, that went on to NFL and CFL stardom (Ken Stabler, Don Jonas, and Sam Wyche), but folded after 1971 (as an incarnation called the Trans-American Football League), and plans to take on the Canadian Football League head-to-head were abandoned. *All players with at least 3 games of participation on a semi-professional team or ball club. The average Semi Pro Football in the US makes $35,414. Today Watertown Red and Black is a powerful semi-pro team with a fine history behind it. The development of arena football and the birth of the Arena Football League in 1987 has effectively ended the era, and reduced most outdoor leagues to amateur or semi-pro status. [28][29], In 1934 the American Football League was the first true attempt to establish pro football in the American South and Southwest regions. Premier League (Chesh, Liver, Lancs) Mid-Sussex Football League (Sussex, Surrey) Thorpe was an international star who brought football to a new level. KaVontae Turpin was the first ELF alum who played in the NFL, while Adedayo Odeleye (Houston Texans) and Marcel Dabo (Indianapolis Colts) signed as practice squad players through the league's International Player Pathway Program (IPPP). ", Nick Schwartz, The XFL is gone but not forgotten, USA Today, April 14, 2020.[66]. Isthmian Football League (Berks, Bucks, Essex, Hants, Herts, Kent, London Middx, Surrey) Kent Football League (Kent) Kent Invicta Football League (Kent) Leicestershire Senior and Combination Leagues (Leics) Liverpool County F.A. The first minor leagues period of prosperity or "the heyday"[7] started in the 1920s and lasted until the end of World War II. Spartans to Invaders: Semi-pro football team has ties to M State. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/9667716. The birth of semi-professional football can be traced back to the 1880s, when most athletic clubs in America had a team playing football, and played (supposedly) without paid players. The 1914 team went on to become undefeated and un-scored upon. The league will be remembered in football lore as the one giving Marty Schottenheimer his only championship as a coach.[61]. A., (Athletic Association) was the closest game for Conshy all year beating Frankford 18-0. The new modern day United Football League was the most prominent league in the era, playing 3 seasons before folding. USL (3rd tier) - $400-600 USD per month. The American Flag Football League (AFFL) Was Founded In 2016 By Wall Street Executive And Flag Football Fan Jeff Lewis. In fact, all the players on the Vermont Ice Storm has had to purchase their own football equipment, contribute a player fee (in order to make sure they dont have to pay extra for a team uniform) and they also have to pay for traveling expenses for getting to all practices and to all away games. The UFL was fairly successful, attracting big crowds in Omaha, Sacramento and Hartford and had plans of expending, while all league games aired on Versus and HDnet (every game was also webcast), and functioned as a single entity league following the Major League Soccer model. New England Football League: 2 Semi-pro Football Headquarters: 1929 17210 Scores, standings, history, records, links, and more. The league now boasts 25 teams in three conferences across New England. In fact, technically speaking, he . One more high-level league is in hiatus, the XFL, which set to return in 2023. The first attempt to form a pro league was the National Football League of 1902, but despite the name was actually regional league that was only composed of teams from Pennsylvania (two of the teams were based in Philadelphia, while the third was based in Pittsburgh). Alas, the league collapsed mid-2012 season, failing to pay the bills after most investors stepped out. It's not uncommon for players to earn anywhere from $100 per week to $1,500 and beyond. The number of import players allowed per team is set by league rules. Arena Football, considered the most professional among semi-pro organizations, pays its players an average yearly salary of $21,760 to $32,740. Anthony Dabl, a French football player, was the first foreign pro-player to signed in the NFL, Moritz Bhringer, who was drafted in 2016 directly from the German Football League (although he still has not played in official game) and Efe Obada was the first player to make an NFL 53-man active roster. The league became home to the top African American football talents in the country, including Kenny Washington, Woody Strode, Ozzie Simmons, Mel Reid and briefly even Jackie Robinson during the NFL enforced color barrier. Mike Spellman. The league owner, Brian Woods, wanted his franchises to be primarily based in minor league baseball stadiums, and use the infra-structure in place to attract fans. [65], "The league may be dead due to the extraordinary circumstances of our time, but it died after proving that a secondary football league can absolutely work in the United States. Today there are two more levels: mid-level (Regional Football League or the FXFL[82][83][84]) and developmental leagues[85] (The Spring League[86][87] or Your Call Football[88]). 2 months ago. The UFL featured former NFL players and was the first professional fall league other than the National Football League to play in the United States since the mid-1970s. Ownership Delays Decisions", "The XFL and IFL Announce Player Personnel Partnership", "XFL and Indoor Football League Looking to Potentially Team Up", "Barnstormers hope to land in top tier of redefined league", "Arena Football League files for bankruptcy, ceases all operations", "Can Fan Controlled Football meld video games, real sports, Johnny Manziel? The Rhinos receive no salary and in fact have to pay a fee of $106 a season to cover the costs of referees'. The Official Cambridge Applicants for 2023 Entry Thread. At the same time, teams from Ohio namely the Massillon Tigers, the Columbus Panhandles and the Canton Bulldogs started attracting much of the top professional football talent in America: Harry McChesney, Bob Shiring, the Nesser brothers, Blondy Wallace, Cub Buck and later even Jim Thorpe, and gave rise to the Ohio League. For the first time, an American sport league had a European division as part of its 10 team league,[56] while the other teams were located in continental US and Canada. Usually the foreign players in the National Football League moved to the US early, and played the game in college, but there are few exceptions. Several semi-pro football leagues also exist beneath the NFL, both in the U.S. and Canada. Saturdays 12:00 p.m. 2023 Spring Season Starts Feb 25th. Semi-pro football certainly offers few fringe benefits for the players to love. Semi-pro football team owner/coach kills security guard, robs bank to cover team bills, FBI says. These minor leagues provide players who can't quite cut it in the NFL with alternative opportunities to develop their skills and still earn money from playing football. Women's Football Alliance. Semi Pro Footballs make the most in San Francisco at $52,760, averaging total compensation 49% greater than the US average. Parallel to the RFL, there were two more separate attempts to start up new leagues. Defensive end Adam Gotsis is probably the most successful non-punter Australian; He played in college (Georgia Tech) and was drafted in the second round of the 2016 NFL Draft by the Denver Broncos. For example,. Furthermore, because they play only one game per week, the players are able to pursue outside employment. Two separate attempts, with same management. That person could be smaller or much larger, but it still takes great strength to block an opposing lineman. During it existence, The Seaboard Football League hovered between a minor league and semi-pro, as some of its players never got paid (most notable was Joe Klecko [49]) and other got only $50 per game. Can my Sixth Form force me to drop a A-Level subject in Y13? [170], Another international league that has entered into partnership agreements with American league for players developments is the Elite Football League of India which has an agreement with the Gridiron Developmental Football League.[171]. The first was the Alliance of American Football (AAF) that was founded by Charlie Ebersol and Bill Polian, and began playing in 2019, but ceased operations eight weeks in, as the controlling owner Thomas Dundon decided to pull the plug, not before the NFL offered to buy 15% of the league. Scholarship and lower league 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,21 Join Free locations & Worldwide Club Trials Youth Soccer players wanted Pro Team FA Scout, School County Coaching 1, 2, UEFA B, A, FIFA, , JANUARY, FEBRUARY . [4] Since 2018 the CFL has a partnership agreement with the Professional American Football League of Mexico (LFA) for player development,[5] but do not consider it as a minor league in the traditional sense. When we look at the history of this level of football it tells us that some name was needed to differentiate this type of football from high school, college, and pro football. It is played by adults, from the ages of 18 to "whatever," who love the game enough after their high school and/or college careers that they feel they haven't gotten football out of their systems. On June 3, 2021, The Spring League owner Brian Woods announced that he had acquired the remaining extant trademarks of the United States Football League and launched a USFL-branded league in 2022, with Fox Sports owning the league and reportedly has committed $150 million over three years to its operations,[70][71] essentially ending the five years run of TSL,[72] and establishing a new high-level minor league (the USFL). But, now the competition is so fierce that being a good semi-pro football player may only catch the attention of Canadian or Arena Football scouts or maybe the new XFL. WFA Players Featured on Cameo. Even though L2 is seen as the lowest professional league, most BSP teams are now professional, as are a few in the even lower leagues. ", "Don't Call It a Comeback: USFL's Return Could Cause Trouble for the NFL", "California Dreamin': West Coast Pros in the 1930s", "2 Dayton Teams In New Pro Football Circuit", "Friday Flashback: Southern Football League", "Birmingham Vulcans Team and League History", "New Pro Football League Ready to Operate in 1965", "Will Birmingham play in the United Football Teams of America? The South Alabama Wildcats are searching for players and coaches aged 18+. Player ages range from 19 to 45 years. In the late 90s and early 2000s began a wave of new "outside" entrepreneurs that wanted to dip their toes in the evergrowing football market, corresponding with the dot-com boom. If you're a 'star player' or a club that has a rich owner, these figures can double or far exceed the amounts I've stated here. According to Lisa King, the WFA's commissioner, each team runs on an average budget of $20,000 per year. Currently, there are four active minor leagues in North America; one high-level - the USFL and three low-level leagues: the Gridiron Developmental Football League, Rivals Professional Football League and one Mexican league - Liga de Ftbol Americano Profesional. Finishing eight out of ten in the SWPL1 last May, Hearts are currently fourth in the 12-team league this season and have just taken points off reigning champions Rangers for the first time in . So Watertown was the first ever paid football team. Over the course of a season, the financial burden can be substantial. The first was Pacific Pro Football (2017), designed for non-NFL eligible players, but was abandoned in mid-2020 after several investors backed out, and was reformatted to a scouting event called HUB Football. Who we are. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. Minor league football is an umbrella term for pro football (gridiron) which is played below the major league level (also known as Secondary Football or Alternative Football). Thorpe and the Canton team drew big crowds and created a market for professional football in Ohio and beyond. This is not really correct. The semi-pro status is not the same around the world. With the city's diverse population and the founders' passion for football, the vision was solidified. PRO Football Trial Dates and Professional Academy Open Football Trials, Search new dates in the UK, Europe & Worldwide for 2023. Semi Professional Football Team Coming to Dothan. The RPFL is a professional football league that provides adult football players an opportunity to gain more experience while attaining great quality game film that can be used to market them to the NFL and CFL. The minor leagues experienced renaissance in the 60s and 70s, as their growing relevance occurred concurrently with the AFL and NFL rivalry. Bob Gill, with Steve Brainerd and Tod Maher, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Professional American Football League of Mexico, Association of Professional Football Leagues, Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit, American Professional Football Association, Pacific Coast Professional Football League, Professional Football League of America (PFLA), United States Federation of American Football, International Federation of American Football, United States national American football team, Amateur to Professional Developmental Football League, foreign players in the National Football League, International Player Pathway Program (IPPP), Trinity Professional Spring Football League, "The AAF Failed Because All Minor League Football Does", The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, "NFL Europa failed to produce players, profits", "Future promising for growing Mexican LFA league", "CFL holds combine in Mexico City in effort to grow football worldwide", "All for One The Minor Leagues' "Big Three" Make History in 1946", "Nothing minor about it: The American Association/AFL of 1936-50", "10 years after NFL Europe's demise, alumni remember league fondly", "Professional Sports Antitrust Bill (1965): Hearings Before the Subcommittee", "To Avoid AAF's Fate, XFL Must Have a Better TV Deal", "NFL needs a developmental league and rebooting the XFL is the perfect fit to improve league diversity, depth", "NFL at 100: How college football became the pipeline to NFL", "The real reason college football players don't get paid", "Arena Football League Files for Bankruptcy, Will Cease Operations", "Arena Football League Closes Shop After 30-Plus Years", "Is The UFL "The Mirror Of Erised" For Frustrated Pro Football Fans?

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