This may partly reflect the different distributions of ethnic groups in the population in different locations, as London is more ethnically diverse than England and Wales as a whole. This is the largest decrease in the proportion of White practitioners of all the CJS organisations. , 52,617 prisoners were released from determinate sentences in 2020, of whom 99.14% were of known ethnicity. , Excluding unknown link and unknown whether article found, No further action includes a wide range of scenarios, such as where words of advice would be given, or an individual is detained under section 136 of the Mental Health act. Search. , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_1_JO_Appt in the Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. All official statistics should comply with all aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics. This article presents research into a method for producing population estimates by ethnic group and by religion, combining Annual Population Survey (APS) and census data. Findings from a data sharing exercise between the MoJ and the Department for Education (DfE) are presented here, with analysis on a matched cohort of those who were in year 6 in either 2008/09 or 2009/10 and who were aged ten at the start of those academic years[footnote 70]. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. The areas of focus include: Victimisation, Police Activity, Defendants and Court Outcomes, Offender Management, Offender Characteristics, Offence Analysis, and Practitioners. Of these, 79% were White, 12% Black, 4% Asian, 4% Mixed ethnicity, and 1% Chinese or Other ethnicities. London showed a markedly different pattern than the rest of England and Wales. It covers statistics on stop and searches and arrests, which are published by the Home Office in the Police powers and procedures: Stop and search and arrests, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2021[footnote 20]. Source: Census 2001 England Household form, Office for National Statistics. This total includes exclusions from previous schools covered by the exclusion legislation. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. In 2020, White defendants had the highest guilty plea rate for sexual offences, at 95%. When controlling for offence mix across ethnic groups, a decrease in ACSL was observed across all ethnic groups. The Asian ethnic group (2%) were significantly less likely than the White ethnic group (4%) to be victims of a personal crime, whilst the Mixed ethnic group (7%) were significantly more likely. It investigates the differences between ethnic groups[footnote 81] for these offences, and whether this picture has changed over time. 428 434-6 448-20. Postal Point 10.31, Floor 10. Ethnic minority groups were more likely to be remanded in custody at Crown Court in comparison to White defendants. These provide criminologists, the police and the media with two types of data. Despite this, only 49% of prisoners from Mixed ethnic groups felt that they had been kept safe from the virus, in comparison to 65% of White prisoners. Police officers have the power to stop and search individuals under different pieces of legislation. As shown in figure 5.03, the Chinese or Other and Black ethnic groups were more likely to be remanded in custody at Crown Court in 2020, at 51% and 49% respectively. The Chinese or Other ethnic group had the highest number of defendants remanded in custody, at 62%, whereas the White ethnic group had the lowest number of defendants remanded in custody, at 42%. This goes against the trend from 2016 where the numbers of prosecutions had been rising each year for all ethnic groups except Black. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS - Senior Legal Manager and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS - Senior Civil Servant; Police - Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. In relation to crime and deviance, sociologists are interested in the apparently significant differential incidence of criminality and victimhood among the various ethnicities. The proportion of offender reoffending by age was highest for those aged 18 to 20 for Black, Asian and Other offenders. Those where ethnicity is not known are not included in this commentary. A pupil may be excluded for one or more suspensions up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. Figure 7.05: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for adults, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. Where possible, this report takes into consideration the recommendations of the Lammy Review (a 2017 independent review into the treatment of, and outcomes for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic individuals in the criminal justice system). Among minority ethnic groups, Black individuals were often the most over-represented. there were 697,405 stop and searches in England and Wales between April 2020 and March 2021, a rate of 12.4 per 1,000 people. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders matched to a KS4 attainment record in academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.1 and Table CH1). 11/1/2022 10/1/2022 11/1/2021. There was a corresponding increase in stop and searches conducted on Asian suspects (15% to 19%) whilst all other ethnic groups remained relatively constant. There was a greater number of male than female homicide victims in all ethnic groups. 87% of people in the UK are White, and 13% belong to a Black, Asian, Mixed or Other ethnic group (2011 Census data). It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. This was followed by defendants from the Chinese or Other ethnic groups (16%), Asian defendants (14%), Mixed defendants (12%) and White defendants (12%). This builds on work to improve the 2016 admin-based ethnicity statistics. , A suspect in a homicide case is defined as either: a person who has been arrested in respect of an offence initially classified as homicide and charged with homicide, including those who were subsequently convicted or a person who is suspected by the police of having committed the offence but is known to have died or committed suicide prior to arrest or being charged. See figure 5.04 for all sentencing outcomes. From 2016 to 2019, the guilty plea rate remained relatively stable at between 88% and 89%. ACSL for possession of weapons offences decreased, between 2016 and 2020, for all ethnic groups except Mixed, decreasing the largest for Asian and Black offenders. Similarly, prisoners of Mixed ethnic groups made up 12% of all prisoners under 18, yet only accounting for 5% of the entire prison population. * Possession (Class B, cannabis) , Data is self-declared from HR records, as at 31 December 2020. ACSL decreased the most for Asian offenders (decreasing 41%) and Black offenders (decreasing 23%) over the last 5 years. , Excludes declarations of prefer not to say. In some cases, in contrast to fears of "racist" connotations of identifying individuals by their cultural background, the language of labels and shorthand descriptors was used as a lingua franca for playful . The identification of differences should not be taken as evidence of bias or as direct effects of ethnicity. If we look at the FBI statistics for violent crimes we can see that whites committed 241,063 of the 408,873 violent crimes, which is 58% of the total. To meet these commitments, all of our statistical publications will: Ensure that the need for major revisions for any series are pre-announced on the Ministry of Justice website. In comparison, the proportion of adults from ethnic minority groups sentenced to custody has remained stable at 20% between 2016 and 2020. In 2020/21, 19% of arrests of Black suspects were for drug offences. Stop and search is an important detection tool for the police it allows officers to search individuals without an arrest taking place[footnote 27]. While the statistics recorded the instances of . Feasibility research on producing statistics on the population by ethnic group for England for 2016 to 2020 from administrative data, exploring change over time. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. The proportion of White, Black and Asian offenders that received an oral parole hearing in the year ending March 2021 remained relatively stable with a range of 54-57% receiving a release result, 11-12% remain in open prison estate, and 30-35% refusal of release. Sharp and Budd (2005) pointed out that the O ffending, Crime and Justice survey of 2003, conducted . In 2020/21, three quarters (77%) of stop and searches resulted in the principal outcome no further action[footnote 31]. , A permanent exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded and who will not come back to that school (unless the exclusion is overturned). Press enquiries should be directed to the Ministry of Justice press office: Other enquiries about these statistics should be directed to the Data and Evidence as a Service division of the Ministry of Justice: Damon Wingfield, Responsible Statistician and Head of Criminal Justice System Statistics Asian offenders had a longer ACSL for drug offences compared to all other ethnic groups, which ranged from 31.8 to 39.8 months. The number of stop and searches carried out by police has risen by 24% to almost 700,000 in a single year, with officers using the tactic on the . , Ethnicity was known in 99.7% of oral parole board hearings in the year ending March 2021. A greater number of children in prison were from minority ethnic groups. When defendants appear in court, they have the right to either speak for themselves, or to be represented and to have someone with legal expertise speak on their behalf. In the three-year period 2017/18[footnote 13] to 2019/20, there were 1,951[footnote 14] homicides in the Home Office Homicide Index[footnote 15], where ethnicity of the victim was recorded. The areas of focus include: Victimisation; Police Activity; Defendants and Court Outcomes; Offender Management; Offender Characteristics; Offence Analysis; and Practitioners. The reoffending rate among children was higher for the Black ethnic group at 45% and has consistently been higher over the last five years than the White (39%), Asian (35%) and Other (34%) ethnic groups. As outlined in the defendants chapter, drug offences accounted for the highest proportion of convictions within each ethnic group except for White offenders. As discussed in the Introduction, the 2011 Census data used to create these estimates is now several years old and may not accurately represent the distribution of ethnic groups in the population. Of children, 4 to 6% were reported as being victims in Black, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups. Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. , Children includes individuals aged up to 17 and adults includes individuals aged 18 and over. Stop and search rate per 1,000 people, and number of stop and search incidents, by ethnicity. In 2020, of the defendants prosecuted, 76% were White, 12% were Black, 7% were Asian, 4% were of Mixed ethnicity groups, and 2% were Chinese or Other ethnic groups. Arrests declined 21% and 22%, respectively, for White and Black adult suspects, a higher rate than other ethnic groups. Main facts and figures. , Data from 2019/20 for the Asian (or Asian British) ethnic group includes people who identify as Chinese. The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or in custody. In the rest of England and Wales, stop and search arrests accounted for 8% of total arrests, increasing from 4% in 2016/17. Women and the Criminal Justice System and Race and the Criminal Justice System; The Women and Race reports are compendium publications, each bringing together a wide range of statistics related to the criminal justice system, broken down by sex and by ethnicity. A higher custody rate, however, was seen in the Chinese or Other group (36%). Over the last five years the proportion of children from ethnic minority groups sentenced to immediate custody has increased from 36% in 2016 to 43% in 2020. , Due to a change in the data collection framework in 2021, officers who identify as Chinese are now counted under the Asian ethnic group, in line with the 2011 ONS Census classifications. In 2020, 59% of Asian child offenders had no previous offender history, compared to 50% for White, 47% for Black and 57% for Chinese or Other children. 1 Because of rounding, the percentages may not add to 100.0.; 2 The ethnicity totals are representative of those agencies that provided ethnicity breakdowns. Racism and ethnicity are one of the social evils that pose a big danger to the society. , Includes City of London and Metropolitan Police forces. For those sentenced to custody, where there are differences between groups that are statistically significant to the 95% level, this will be stated. The total number of arrests have gone down over the last five years, in line with the declining crime rates. In general, minority ethnic groups appear to be over-represented at many stages throughout the CJS compared with the White ethnic group. , For 2014/15, following SEN reforms, SEN pupils are categorised as SEN with a statement or Education, health and care (EHC) plan and SEN support. , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_5_JO_Magistrates Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. Of the offenders sentenced, 53% were sentenced to immediate custody. A significantly higher proportion of Black offenders with SEN, without statement, received a 12-month sentence or less (71%), compared to White offenders (60%). black people were over 3 times as likely to be arrested as white people - there were 29 arrests for every 1,000 black people, and 9 arrests for every 1,000 white people. Caution should be taken when considering the ethnic breakdown of senior staff because the number of individuals represented is small and changing a single case could have a noticeable effect. In most instances data are presented in terms of calendar years (up to 2020) and financial years (up to 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. Conversely, higher proportions of clients from ethnic minority groups received representation for indictable trials at 30% for Asian, 36% for Black and 36% for Mixed compared to 27% for White. over the 7 years covered, the percentage of White people who said they were victims of crime went down from 17% to 13%. in the year ending March 2020, 13% of people aged 16 and over said they had been the victim of a crime at least once in the last year. The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded from school, or have received a suspension, at any point during KS4. Since 2019, Black and Asian defendants have been less likely to receive a custodial sentence relative to White defendants. 9% of White people aged 75 and over feared crime, compared with 27% of Asian people in the same age group. , Personal crime includes violence, robbery, theft from the person and other theft of personal property excluding fraud and computer misuse. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/ cautioned, a larger proportion of Black offenders (18%) had been permanently excluded, compared to White (14%), Asian (9%) and Other (9%) offenders[footnote 79]. The proportion of suspects stopped and searched remained relatively stable across most ethnic groups, with a decrease from 21% to 17% for the Black ethnic group. Thank you for your request. The greatest increase in custody rate was seen in the White ethnic group, increasing from 29% to 35%, and Mixed ethnic groups (28% to 35%)[footnote 43]. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. Violence against the person offences have accounted for the largest proportion of total arrests (where ethnicity is known) since 2017/18, at 42% in 2020/21. Asian and mixed‐race people are also over‐represented in the prison population; yet white people who represent 88.3% of the population only make up 73.8% of the prison population. Between 2016 and 2020, the proportion of defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court has increased for all ethnic groups and the proportion remanded has remained highest for Chinese or Other, Black and Mixed defendants. Differences in outcomes between ethnic groups over time present a mixed picture, with disparity decreasing in some areas and widening in others. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. Between 2018 and 2021, the homicide rate for people of the black ethnic group was 50.5 homicides per million population in England and Wales, far higher than . For example, the proportion of Black and Asian young offenders sentenced to 12 months custody or less, achieving any pass at GCSE, was 64% and 71% respectively, significantly higher than the proportion of White young offenders, at 53%. In 2020, the custody rate was highest for the Chinese or Other ethnic group, at 64% and lowest for the Mixed ethnic group at 48%. Guilty plea rate (GPR) has increased across all ethnic groups across the past 5 years, showing a sharp rise since 2018. 0.6489795918367347 0.64323607427055707 See police activity chapter for more information on stop and searches. In 2020, 37% of all defendants prosecuted for sexual offences at Crown Court were remanded in custody . Figure 4.02: Distribution of stop and searches in London and England and Wales, by ethnicity, 2020/21. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: If you have any feedback about the changes referred to in the introduction, or the report more generally, please contact the production team through the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: The latest figures on Police Stop and Search show that black people are now nine times more likely than white people to be stopped and searched by the police.. This method accounted for 69% of homicides with Black victims, but only 35% of those with White victims. It is considered a more useful concept than race. SW1H 9AJ. Prior to 2019/20, Chinese arrests are counted within Other Ethnic Group. , Crime higher concerns legal representation in the Crown Court and above. Where young offenders received a custodial sentence, the proportion eligible for FSM increased across all ethnic groups. These data are based on the ONS headcount specification and may differ from other published figures due to differing specifications. Where ethnicity is known[footnote 23], the total number of stop and searches increased between 2017/18 (266,000) and 2020/21 (557,000). However, priority has been given to allow for a full year of reliable data that shows continuation of long-term trends. Simon Hallsworth and Tara Young (2008) were sceptical, dismissing . , Pre-sentence reports (PSRs) are prepared by the Probation Service to provide information to the court about the offender and any circumstances surrounding the offence, to help decide on a suitable sentence. You have a 1 in 60.4 chance of being the victim of a violent crime in Cleveland each year. Therefore, trends within these broad ethnic groups will be less comparable over a 5-year time series. Individuals with an unknown or not stated ethnicity are not included in the analysis, because it is impossible to tell where they should be counted. * Possession (Class A) To allow users to assess the confidence they have in the data we are using, levels of missing or unreported ethnicity are reported throughout. Much of this information has previously been published in the Offender Management statistics quarterly publication, where statistics on adjudications, Home Detention Curfew, Release on Temporary Licence and Licence Recalls can also be found. There were statistically significant decreases in the number of victims for personal crimes since 2015/16 in the Black (from 7% to 4%) and Asian (from 4% to 2%) ethnic groups. Guilty plea for all other ethnic groups ranged between 89% and 92% in 2020. A sharp instrument was the most frequent apparent method of killing across most ethnic groups, accounting for 40% of all homicides in the period between 2017/18 and 2019/20. Figure 6.01: Number and proportion of prisoners in England and Wales, 2016 to 2020, by ethnicity, Figure 6.02: Proportion of prisoners by ethnicity and age group, England and Wales, 30th June, 2020. In the absence of any court outcome, the principal suspect is either the person considered by the police to be the most involved in the homicide or the person with the closest relationship to the victim. Sociologists consider both why this might be and also . The overall ethnicity trends for stop and searches tend to be influenced by stop and searches conducted in London, due to Londons ethnic composition compared with the rest of England and Wales. In 2020/21, 77% of stop and searches conducted on individuals from the Asian ethnic group were for drugs, compared to 67 to 68% of all other ethnic groups. Since 2016, White defendants have had a consistently lower average custodial sentence length (ACSL) than other ethnic groups. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. The ACSL for drug offences has increased across all ethnic groups over the past 5 years. Arrests for children have been declining at a faster rate than arrests for adults, down 33% and 20% respectively since 2016/17. It published the data today in new crime figures showing there were 695 homicides in the year . Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Population estimates for 2016 as provided in data accompanying the Research report on population estimates by ethnic group and religion. Published by D. Clark , Feb 10, 2022. , The Police National Computer has a 6+1 ethnicity classification. The proportion of young offenders persistently absent was higher for White, Black and Asian ethnic groups receiving a custodial sentence compared to the total sentenced/ convicted. ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020trees that grow well in clay soil texas. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. theories are . Within ethnic groups, Black defendants had the largest proportion of prosecutions for this offence in each of the past 5 years. Ethnicity facts and figures. Cases where ethnicity was not known have not been included in this commentary. . Controlling for offence mix across ethnic groups showed reduced disparity in Average Custodial Sentence Lengths and Custody Rates. Figure 7.04: Average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for indictable offences, by age and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016/20. , Ethnicity was recorded for 85.7% of community orders and 87.6% of suspended sentence orders commenced in 2020. Ministry of Justice: Between 2016 and 2020, there has been an increase of 1.3 percentage points (pp) in the proportion of staff from the Asian ethnic group and a decrease of 1.6 pp in the proportion of staff from the White ethnic group[footnote 91]. The most recent figures in this publication show the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on criminal court prosecutions and outcomes following guidance and restrictions since March 2020. The average number of assailants was 1.29 and did not vary significantly by the victims' race or ethnicity. This chapter explores police activity by ethnicity of persons stopped and searched and/or arrested. Crime lower work is carried out by legal aid providers at police stations, in magistrates courts and prison. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. Last modified on Fri 19 Nov 2021 00.29 EST. The highest proportion of offender with SEN with statement was highest for the White ethnic group (18%) and the highest proportion of offenders with SEN without statement was highest for the Other ethnic group (68%)[footnote 76]. You can change your cookie settings at any time. In certain instances, data has been used for years that are not impacted by restrictions but in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England 2014/15 (Revised), A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. This chapter reports on the trends in the composition of staff and practitioners throughout the CJS by ethnicity [footnote 90]. Despite the large decrease in . Over the last 5 years, the proportion of suspects who were stopped and searched remained relatively stable across most ethnic groups, with a slight decrease in those from the Black ethnic group (21% to 17%).

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