The civil rights movement sought to end discrimination against Catholics by the Protestant and Unionist-dominated government of Northern Ireland. rob stafford daughter chicago fire. In March and April that year, UVF and UPV members bombed water and electricity installations in Northern Ireland, blaming them on the dormant IRA and elements of the civil rights movement. The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group. Sam "Bo" McClelland (1966-1973) [28] Described as a "tough disciplinarian", he was personally appointed by Spence to. John Graham (loyalist) Ulster Volunteer Force member. [71], On 14 September 2005, following serious loyalist rioting during which dozens of shots were fired at riot police, the Northern Ireland Secretary Peter Hain announced that the British government no longer recognised the UVF ceasefire. [101], In April 2021, riots erupted across Loyalist communities in Northern Ireland.[relevant? Leader of the, 414 (~85%) were civilians, 11 of whom were civilian political activists, 21 (~4%) were members or former members of republican paramilitary groups, 44 (~9%) were members or former members of loyalist paramilitary groups, 6 (~1%) were members of the British security forces. The UVF has killed more people than any other loyalist paramilitary group. [60], In the 1980s, the UVF was greatly reduced by a series of police informers. The initial aim of Ulster Resistance was to bring an end to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. This move comes as the organisation holds high level discussions about their future. [21] The group called itself the "Ulster Volunteer Force" (UVF), after the Ulster Volunteers of the early 20th century, although in the words of a member of the previous organisation "the present para-military organisation has no connection with the U.V.F. [66] The UVF also killed republicans James Burns, Liam Ryan and Larry Marley. From that time until the early 1990s the Mid-Ulster Brigade was led by Robin "the Jackal" Jackson, who then passed the leadership to Billy Wright. The group is a proscribed organisation and is on the terrorist organisation list of the United Kingdom.[8]. The Independent Monitoring Commission was highly critical of the leadership for having condoned and even sanctioned the attack, in contrast to praise bestowed on the Brigade Staff for a moderating influence during the marching season. Spence claimed that he was approached in 1965 by two men, one of whom was an Ulster Unionist Party MP, who told him that the UVF was to be re-established and that he was to have responsibility for the Shankill. [130], Prior to and after the onset of the Troubles the UVF carried out armed robberies. [21] Two days later, the Government of Northern Ireland declared the UVF illegal. The UVF stated that the attempted attack was a protest against the Irish Army units "still massed on the border in County Donegal". In June, nine UVF members were convicted of the attacks. He was the first RUC officer to be killed during the Troubles. [98], On 23 March 2019, eleven alleged UVF members were arrested during a total of 14 searches conducted in Belfast, Newtownards and Comber and the suspects, aged between 22 and 48, were taken into police custody for questioning. Eight people were shot dead and hundreds were injured. The UVF spurned the government efforts however and continued killing. [43] Jackson was allegedly the hitman who shot Hanna dead outside his home in Lurgan. Jackie. James Smyth, 55, is alleged by the prosecution to have been involved in the . The UVF has declared war on UDA drug dealers on the Shankill Road. Most Popular. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [29] Unionist support for O'Neill waned, and on 28 April he resigned as Prime Minister. [57] In 1976, Tommy West was replaced with "Mr. F" who is alleged to be John "Bunter" Graham and remains the incumbent Chief of Staff as of 2012. The weapons were Palestine Liberation Organisation arms captured by the Israelis, sold to Armscor, the South African state-owned company which, in defiance of the 1977 United Nations arms embargo, set about making South Africa self-sufficient in military hardware[citation needed]. [114] Like the IRA, the UVF also operated black taxi services,[115][116][117] a scheme believed to have generated 100,000 annually for the organisation. [150], The UVF have been implicated in drug dealing in areas from where they draw their support. Where state and federal laws/regulations allow, accountable for performing day-to-day non-clinical pharmacy operations, administrative activities; Ensures efficient pharmacy workflow and a positive patient experience. [85][86] Fifty-year-old Stockman was stabbed more than 10 times in a supermarket in Belfast; the attack was believed to have been linked to the Moffett killing. [148] A Canadian branch of the UDA also existed and sent $30,000 to the UDA's headquarters in Belfast by 1975. [25], On 27 May, Spence sent four UVF members to kill IRA volunteer Leo Martin, who lived in Belfast. woodland hills market owner; warframe norg brain without bait; firefighter class a uniform pin placement. The group's volunteers undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles. Scholarships. [54] The number of killings in Northern Ireland had decreased from around 300 per year between 1973 and 1976 to just under 100 in the years 19771981. When the Assets Recovery Agency won a High Court order to seize luxury homes belonging to ex-policeman Colin Robert Armstrong and his partner Geraldine Mallon in 2005, Alan McQuillan said "We have further alleged Armstrong has had links with the UVF and then the LVF following the split between those organisations." Marina Ponomareva Marina Ponomareva Junior Talent Acquisition Specialist at LeadDesk The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles. [128] Information regarding the role of women in the UVF is limited. In 1984, the UVF attempted to kill the northern editor of the Sunday World, Jim Campbell after he had exposed the paramilitary activities of Mid-Ulster brigadier Robin Jackson. On 17 February 1979, the UVF carried out its only major attack in Scotland, when its members bombed two pubs in Glasgow frequented by Irish-Scots Catholics. The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade carried out further attacks during this same period. The UVF agreed to a ceasefire in October 1994. [citation needed] The feud between the UVF and the LVF erupted again in the summer of 2005. Our Classes Muscle Testing Workshop Contact Us Review us uvf members list uvf members list The arms are thought to have consisted of: The UVF used this new infusion of arms to escalate their campaign of sectarian assassinations. [83], The UVF was blamed for the shotgun killing of expelled RHC member Bobby Moffett on the Shankill Road on the afternoon of 28 May 2010, in front of passers-by including children. It used sub machine-guns, assault rifles, pistols, grenades (including homemade grenades), incendiary bombs, booby trap bombs and car bombs. The original UVF was formed by Edward Carson and James Craig as a militia in the tensions surrounding the potential success of the third Home Rule campaign. With a few exceptions, such as Mid-Ulster brigadier Billy Hanna (a native of Lurgan), the Brigade Staff members have been from the Shankill Road or the neighbouring Woodvale area to the west. More militant members of the UVF, led by Billy Wright who disagreed with the ceasefire, broke away to form the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF). Referring to its activity in the early and mid-1970s, journalist Ed Moloney described no-warning pub bombings as the UVF's "forte". FUCK ME NOW. Fire engulfed the house next door, badly burning the elderly Protestant widow who lived there. During the riot, UVF members shot dead RUC officer Victor Arbuckle. [11] During the conflict, its deadliest attack in Northern Ireland was the 1971 McGurk's Bar bombing, which killed fifteen civilians. An article published by the newspaper fingered Wright as a drug lord and sectarian murderer. [61], The UVF received large numbers of Sa vz. [58][59][105] Graham has held the position since he assumed office in 1976. In Belfast, loyalists responded by attacking nationalist districts. Another loyalist paramilitary organisation called Ulster Resistance was formed on 10 November 1986. It would continue these tactics for the rest of its campaign. [44], The brigade formed part of the Glenanne gang, a loose alliance of loyalist assassins which the Pat Finucane Centre has linked to 87 killings in the 1970s. [21] In April 1966, Ulster loyalists led by Ian Paisley, a Protestant fundamentalist preacher, founded the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee (UCDC). Just another site jackie mahood uvf members list From that time until the early 1990s, the Mid-Ulster Brigade was led by Robin "the Jackal" Jackson, who then passed the leadership to Billy Wright. [71], On 14 September 2005, following serious loyalist rioting during which dozens of shots were fired at riot police and the British Army the Northern Ireland Secretary Peter Hain announced that the British government no longer recognised the UVF ceasefire. [22] Two days later, the Government of Northern Ireland declared the UVF illegal. It was alleged that Colin Armstrong had links to both drugs and loyalist terrorists. The story of former UVF member Alistair Little. He spoke out against sectarianism and criminality, but also feels UVF membership had made him a "wiser" man. According to the Belfast Telegraph, "70 separate police intelligence reports implicating the north Belfast UVF man in dealing cannabis, Ecstasy, amphetamines and cocaine. Loyalist former paramilitary and politician, Northern Irish loyalist paramilitary leader, Ulster loyalist paramilitary group formed in 1966, Loyalists imprisoned during the Northern Ireland conflict, People killed by the Ulster Defence Association, People killed by the Loyalist Volunteer Force, People killed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army, Ulster loyalists imprisoned on charges of terrorism, Ulster loyalists imprisoned under Prevention of Terrorism Acts, Deaths by improvised explosive device in Northern Ireland, People killed by security forces during The Troubles (Northern Ireland), Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Northern Ireland, People killed by the Irish National Liberation Army. Grob-Fitzgibbon, Benjamin. It declared a ceasefire in 1994, although sporadic attacks continued until it officially ended its armed campaign in May 2007. [29], On 12 October, a loyalist protest in the Shankill became violent. The Military Reaction Force, Military Reconnaissance Force or Mobile Reconnaissance Force (MRF) was a covert intelligence-gathering and counterinsurgency unit of the British Army active in Northern Ireland during the Troubles.The unit was formed during the summer of 1971 and operated until late 1972 or early 1973. [31], The UVF had launched its first attack in the Republic of Ireland on 5 August 1969, when it bombed the RT Television Centre in Dublin. [93] The high levels of orchestration by the leadership of the East Belfast UVF, and the alleged ignored orders from the main leaders of the UVF to stop the violence has led to fears that the East Belfast UVF has now become a separate loyalist paramilitary grouping which doesn't abide by the UVF ceasefire or the Northern Ireland Peace Process. [84] The Progressive Unionist Party's condemnation, and Dawn Purvis and other leaders' resignations as a response to the Moffett shooting, were also noted. [22] The shootings led to Spence being arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommended minimum sentence of twenty years. [91] Much of the UVF's orchestration was carried out by its senior members in East Belfast, where many attacks on the PSNI and on residents of the Short Strand enclave took place. Others joined Irish Regiments of the UK's 10th and 16th Irish Division. [109] Another estimates that over a 30-year period women accounted for just 2% of UVF membership at most. [18][19] The UVF did not return to regular bombings until the early 1990s when it obtained a quantity of the mining explosive Powergel. Birgen, Julia. David Ervine led the Progressive Unionist Party, the UVF's political wing While not officially a unit of the UVF, the Butchers were staunch Loyalists and most were UVF members. The shooting raised questions over the future of the PUP. According to the Belfast Telegraph, "70 separate police intelligence reports implicating the north Belfast UVF man in dealing cannabis, Ecstasy, amphetamines and cocaine. Read More UVF Cross Country Champions 2022 Saturday, October 29, marked a special day in athletics for the University of Valley Forge. Fermanagh. The first Independent Monitoring Commission report in April 2004 described the UVF/RHC as "relatively small" with "a few hundred" active members "based mainly in the Belfast and immediately adjacent areas". In January 2000 UVF Mid-Ulster brigadier Richard Jameson was shot dead by a LVF gunman which led to an escalation of the UVF/LVF feud. The group had been proscribed in July 1966, but this ban was lifted on 4 April 1974 by Merlyn Rees, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, in an effort to bring the UVF into the democratic process. "[97], In June 2017, Gary Haggarty, former UVF commander for north Belfast and south-east Antrim, pleaded guilty to 200 charges, including five murders. Formed in 1965,[7] it first emerged in 1966. These included the Miami Showband killings of 31 July 1975 when three members of the popular showband were killed, having been stopped at a fake British Army checkpoint outside Newry in County Down. F". From late 1975 to mid-1977, a unit of the UVF dubbed the Shankill Butchers (a group of UVF men based on Belfast's Shankill Road) carried out a series of sectarian murders of Catholic civilians. The UVF very clearly have involvement in drug dealing, all forms of gangsterism, serious assaults, intimidation of the community." In June 2009 the UVF formally decommissioned their weapons in front of independent witnesses as a formal statement of decommissioning was read by Dawn Purvis and Billy Hutchinson. John Harbinson, a Protestant handcuffed and beaten to death by a UVF gang on the Mount Vernon estate in north Belfast in May 1997 Catholic workmen Eamon Fox, 44 , a father of six, and Gary. [107] A British Army report released in 2006 estimated a peak membership of 1,000. [53] These men had overthrown the "hawkish" officers, who had called for a "big push", which meant an increase in violent attacks, earlier in the same month. It was the UVF's deadliest attack in Northern Ireland, and the deadliest attack in Belfast during the Troubles. That year, a string of tit-for-tat pub bombings began in Belfast. This move came as the organisation held high-level discussions about its future. The report added that individuals, some current and some former members, in the group have, without the orders from above, continued to "localised recruitment", and although some continued to try and acquire weapons, including a senior member, most forms of crime had fallen, including shootings and assaults. Henry MacDonald and Jim Cusack . The chip shop has since been closed down. [21] The 'Paisleyites' set out to stymie the civil rights movement and oust Terence O'Neill, Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. [41] On 17 May, two UVF units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster brigades detonated four car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan. [126] Later, in September 1972, Gusty Spence said in an interview that the organisation had a strength of 1,500. [115] They always signed their statements with the fictitious name "Captain William Johnston". [99][100] This uniform, based on those of the original UVF, was introduced in the early 1970s. These included the Miami Showband killings of 31 July 1975 when three members of the popular showband from the Republic of Ireland were killed having been stopped at a fake British Army checkpoint outside of Newry in County Down. The men were tried and in March 1977 were sentenced to an average of twenty-five years each.[51][52]. They are wearing part of the UVF uniform which earned them their nickname "Blacknecks". After the Troubles began, an Orange-Canadian loyalist organization known as the Canadian Ulster Loyalist Association (CULA) sprang to life to provide the 'besieged' Protestants with the resources to arm themselves. The damage from security service informers started in 1983 with "supergrass" Joseph Bennett's information which led to the arrest of fourteen senior figures. [97] The Brigade Staff's former headquarters were situated in rooms above "The Eagle" chip shop located on the Shankill Road at its junction with Spier's Place. [27] Spence appointed Samuel McClelland as UVF Chief of Staff in his stead. [125], The UVF has killed more people than any other loyalist paramilitary group. [68], According to journalist and author Ed Moloney the UVF campaign in Mid Ulster in this period "indisputably shattered Republican morale", and put the leadership of the republican movement under intense pressure to "do something".[69]. Malcolm Sutton's Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland, part of the Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN), states that the UVF and RHC was responsible for at least 485 killings during the Troubles, and lists a further 256 loyalist killings that have not yet been attributed to a particular group. The no-warning car bombings had been carried out by units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster brigades. Many UVF men enlisted, mostly with the 36. [80], In the twentieth IMC report, the group was said to be continuing to put its weapons "beyond reach", (in the group's own words) to downsize, and reduce the criminality of the group. The Volunteer Political Party (VPP) was a loyalist political party launched in Northern Ireland on 22 June 1974 by members of the then recently legalised Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF).The Chairman was Ken Gibson from East Belfast, an ex-internee and UVF chief of staff at the time. [84] The Independent Monitoring Commission stated Moffett was killed by UVF members acting with the sanction of the leadership. [38] This came to a climax on 4 December, when the UVF bombed McGurk's Bar, a Catholic-owned pub in Belfast. The UVF's last major attack was the 1994 Loughinisland massacre, in which its members shot dead six Catholic civilians in a rural pub. They managed to procure a large cache of weapons and ammunition including self-loading rifles, Browning pistols, and Sterling submachine guns. Your job ad can make or break your candidates' decision to apply to your company. During the riot, UVF members shot dead RUC officer Victor Arbuckle. It was responsible for more than 500 deaths. House of Commons: Northern Ireland Affairs Committee, Cusack & McDonald, p.3435, 105, 199, 205, The Lost Lives, David McKittrick, Page 1475, Timeline of Ulster Volunteer Force actions, protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent, Provisional IRA campaign 1969-1997 Loyalists and the IRA killing and reprisals, Republic of Ireland national football team, Independent International Commission on Decommissioning, "Report drawn up on behalf of the Political Affairs Committee on the situation in Northern Ireland", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfGe4WO8yok, "Sutton Index of Deaths: Organisation responsible for the death", "Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations", "Inside the UVF: Money, murders and mayhem - the loyalist gang's secrets unveiled", "UVF mural on Shankill Road being investigated by police", "UVF 'behind racist attacks in south and east Belfast'", Chronology of Key Events in Irish History, 1800 to 1967, "Irish tighten security after Dublin bombing", "Call for probe of British link to 1974 bombs", "Collusion in the South Armagh / Mid Ulster Area in the mid-1970's". A controlled explosion was carried out and the bomb was later declared a hoax. Scores of houses and businesses were burnt-out, most of them owned by Catholics. tippah county news. "FIFTH REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT MONITORING COMMISSION", "The Canadian Dimension to the Northern Ireland Conflict", "BBC - The Devenport Diaries: Remembering Billy Wright", "Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations (two-way tables)", "Sutton Index of Deaths: Status of the person killed", CAIN University of Ulster Conflict Archive, Ceasefires of the Provisional IRA, UVF, UDA and RHC, Murders of Andrew Robb and David McIlwaine, Ulster Loyalist Central Co-ordinating Committee, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ulster_Volunteer_Force&oldid=1133709414, Proscribed paramilitary organisations in Northern Ireland, Organizations based in Europe designated as terrorist, Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom, Organised crime groups in Northern Ireland, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, All articles that may have off-topic sections, Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from June 2022, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, May 1966 present (on ceasefire since October 1994; officially ended armed campaign in May 2007), Unnamed Chief of Staff (1974 October 1975). This development came soon after the UVF's Brigade Staff in Belfast had stood down Wright and the Portadown unit of the Mid-Ulster Brigade, on 2 August 1996, for the killing of a Catholic taxi driver near Lurgan during Drumcree disturbances. The UVF's leadership is based in Belfast and known as the Brigade Staff. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British Army soldier from Northern Ireland.The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles.It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have . [68], According to journalist and author Ed Moloney, the UVF campaign in Mid-Ulster in this period "indisputably shattered Republican morale", and put the leadership of the republican movement under intense pressure to "do something",[69] although this has been disputed by others.[who?]. [20][21], Since 1964, there had been a growing civil rights campaign in Northern Ireland. Loyalists were successful in importing arms into Northern Ireland. During the conflict, its deadliest attack in Northern Ireland was the 1971 McGurk's Bar bombing, which killed fifteen civilians. It was the deadliest attack of the Troubles. My Blog jackie mahood uvf members list [103], On 25 March 2022, the UVF was blamed[by whom?] Unable to find their target, the men drove around the Falls district in search of a Catholic. [125] Members were disciplined after they carried out an unsanctioned theft of 8 million of paintings from an estate in Co Wicklow in April 1974. The first British soldier to die in the conflict was killed by the Provisional IRA in February 1971. [23] John "Bunter" Graham (born c. 1945) is a longstanding prominent. . Chiefs of Staff Gusty Spence (1966-1966). [58], The UVF's nickname is "Blacknecks", derived from their uniform of black polo neck jumper, black trousers, black leather jacket, black forage cap, along with the UVF badge and belt. [21] The shootings led to Spence's being sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommended minimum sentence of twenty years. [84][85], On 28 May 2010, the UVF was severely criticised over the murder of Moffett. ][102] On 11 April, the UVF reportedly ordered the removal of Catholic families from a housing estate in Carrickfergus. [14] Members were trained in bomb-making and it developed home-made explosives. By the summer of 1916, only the Ulster and 16th divisions remained, the 10th amalgamated into both following severe losses in the Battle of Gallipoli. The Irish Army set up field hospitals near the border. [99][100], On 4 March 2021, the UVF, Red Hand Commando and UDA renounced their current participation in the Good Friday Agreement. [111][112] This activity has been described as its preferred source of funds in the early 1970s,[113] and it continued into the 2000s with the UVF in Co Londonderry being active. This gang was led by Lenny Murphy. The Ulster Volunteer Force emerged during the first sparks of Northern Ireland's Troubles in the mid-1960s. [55] The hawks had been ousted by those in the UVF who were unhappy with their political and military strategy. In Belfast, loyalists responded by attacking nationalist districts. Leader of the, Brendan O'Brien, The Long War the IRA and Sinn Fin. The incumbent Chief of Staff, is alleged to be John "Bunter" Graham, referred to by Martin Dillon as "Mr. [39], The following year, 1972, was the most violent of the Troubles. [23], An old UVF mural on Shankill Road, where the group was formed. [144] Supporters in Scotland have helped supply explosives and guns. [36] Catholic churches were also attacked. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British soldier. John Bingham (loyalist) . Appletree Press, 1984. p.61. [111] The UVF has also been involved in the extortion of legitimate businesses, although to a lesser extent than the UDA,[118] and was described in the fifth IMC report as being involved in organised crime. [64] Republicans had responded to the attacks by assassinating UVF leaders, including John Bingham, William "Frenchie" Marchant, Trevor King[65] and, allegedly, Leslie Dallas. The UVF was also clashing with the UDA in the summer of 2000. [21] Some unionists feared Irish nationalism and launched an opposing response in Northern Ireland. According to the University of Ulster's Sutton database,[133] the UVF and RHC was responsible for 481 killings during "the Troubles", between 1969 and 2001. It used submachine guns, assault rifles, shotguns, pistols, grenades (including homemade grenades), incendiary bombs, booby trap bombs and car bombs. In 1972, five Toronto businessmen shipped weapons in grain container ships out of Halifax, bound for ports in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland which were destined for loyalist militants. [18][19] Some members have also been found responsible for orchestrating a series of racist attacks. Along with the newly formed Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the UVF began carrying out gun attacks on random Catholic civilians and using car bombs to attack Catholic-owned pubs. [22] Spence later wrote "At the time, the attitude was that if you couldn't get an IRA man you should shoot a Taig, he's your last resort". Thirty-three people were killed and almost 300 injured. The damage from security service informers started in 1983 with "supergrass" Joseph Bennett's information, which led to the arrest of fourteen senior figures. Dawn Purvis: UVF 'hasn't gone anywhere' 23 April 2019 Pacemaker Dawn Purvis says there are members of the UVF who do not want the paramilitary group 'to leave the stage' A former leader of. The British Army were deployed on the streets of Northern Ireland. The Mid-Ulster Brigade was also responsible for the 1975 Miami Showband killings, in which three members of the popular Irish cabaret band were shot dead at a bogus military checkpoint by gunmen in British Army uniforms. It was led by Gusty Spence, a former British soldier. [63], The UVF also attacked republican paramilitaries and their political activists. [47] Beginning in 1975, recruitment to the UVF, which until then had been solely by invitation, was now left to the discretion of local units.[48]. In response to events in Derry, nationalists held protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent. Both pubs were wrecked and a number of people were wounded. [87] The UVF leader in East Belfast, who is popularly known as the "Beast of the East" and "Ugly Doris" also known as by real name Stephen Matthews, ordered the attack on Catholic homes and a church in the Catholic enclave of the Short Strand. The biggest of these was the 1974 Dublin and Monaghan bombings, which killed 34 civilians, making it the deadliest terrorist attack of the conflict. They shot John Scullion, a Catholic civilian, as he walked home. Six of the victims were abducted at random, then beaten and tortured before having their throats slashed. [30] There were bombings on 30 March, 4 April, 20 April, 24 April and 26 April. page 1. http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/imc/imc200404.pdf, http://www.vilaweb.cat/media/attach/vwedts/docs/op_banner_analysis_released.pdf, http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/imc/imc240505.pdf, http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/article2187547.ece, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4379973.stm, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4244082.stm, http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/organ/porgan.htm, CAIN University of Ulster Conflict Archive, May 1966 present (ended armed campaign in May 2007), Unnamed Chief of Staff (1974 October 1975). interviews with high-profile uvf members-including billy mitchell, david ervine, billy wright, billy hutchinson, gary haggarty, and the group's current leadership, as well as their loyalist rivals such as johnny adair, and the police officers who sought to bring the paramilitaries to justice-reveal the secret details behind the group's violent [63], The UVF also attacked republican paramilitaries and political activists. The combination of institutional scholarships cannot exceed the student's tuition during any semester. [106][107] This uniform, based on those of the original UVF, was introduced in the early 1970s. [55] The hawks had been ousted by those in the UVF who were unhappy with their political and military strategy.

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