Efficacy and safety of strontium ranelate in the treatment of osteoporosis in men. Cohen-Solal, M. E., Augry, F., Mauras, Y., Morieux, C., Allain, P., and De Vernejoul, M. C. Fluoride and strontium accumulation in bone does not correlate with osteoid tissue in dialysis patients. Osteoporos Int. Results of Russian multicenter trial]. AlgaeCal Plus is a plant-based calcium supplement that contains all 13 bone-supporting minerals and is clinically supported to increase bone density. A comparative clinical study investigating the efficacy of a dentifrice containing 8% strontium acetate and 1040 ppm fluoride in a silica base and a control dentifrice containing 1450 ppm fluoride in a silica base to provide immediate relief of dentin hypersensitivity. Liu, J. M., Wai-Chee, Kung A., Pheng, C. S., Zhu, H. M., Zhang, Z. L., Wu, Y. Y., Xu, L., Meng, X. W., Huang, M. L., Chung, L. P., Hussain, N. H., Sufian, S. S., and Chen, J. L. Efficacy and safety of 2 g/day of strontium ranelate in Asian women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. If you want to take a strontium supplement, ask your doctor first. Dose-dependent effects of strontium on osteoblast function and mineralization. The Earths crust also has Sr at an estimated average of 360 parts per million. Calcium is still the best mineral for bone health. I found that Strontium is eliminated by the kidneys and can build up in people with poor kidney function. The American Bone Health Fracture Risk Calculator estimates fracture risk for women and men over age 45. View abstract. My fear is the cost. 99% of the strontium found in the human body is in the bone. 12-15-2007;57(8):1410-1418. This family of meds give your natural bone production a chance to play catch-up by slowing or stopping resorption, when bones break down and release minerals such as calcium into your blood. Acta Biomater. Perit Dial Int 1998;18:410-4. Various tests for tooth sensitivity by the researchers revealed that compared to the placebo, the toothpaste containing Sr decreased dentinal hypersensitivity to a significantly greater degree. Positive results were seen within two weeks and continued for the 12 week length of the study. View abstract. 1980;51(10):578-581. 2006;45(3):179-185. Ann Rheum Dis. A 2016 systematic review published in European Urology took a look at several radiopharmaceuticals including Sr-89 for reducing the malignant bone pain from prostate cancer. Medi-Physics, Inc., Amersham Healthcare, Arlington Heights, IL, 1998. https://www.cancerpaintherapy.com/METATECHPAGE.htm. According to the Michigan Health website: Compared with children with fewer cavities, enamel samples from children with high numbers of caries have been found to contain significantly less strontium. The objective of this study was to determine whether strontium citrate can be used to enhance bone healing during MDO in a rabbit model. View abstract. Seeman, E., Devogelaer, J. P., Lorenc, R., Spector, T., Brixen, K., Balogh, A., Stucki, G., and Reginster, J. Y. Strontium ranelate reduces the risk of vertebral fractures in patients with osteopenia. Richy F, Bruyere O, Ethgen O, et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;41(7):559-562. View abstract. 2013 Feb;98(2):592-601. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-3048. How can Sr be used? A prospective, multicenter, three-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Medications That Can Be Bad for Your Bones, Tests to Determine Secondary Causes of Bone Loss, American Bone Health and Susan G. Komen Team Up for Healthy Living Campaign, How cancer patients can lower the risk of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), What we know about vitamin D and bone health, American Bone Health calls on Americans to know their risk factors and take action to prevent falls and broken bones during Falls Prevention Awareness Week, Understanding How Obesity Affects Bone Health and Risk of Fractures, American Bone Health calls on American to Build Better Bones during National Osteoporosis Month 2022, Taking strontium supplements for any period of time is likely to make future bone density tests inaccurate. View abstract. Minkoff S, Axelrod S. Efficacy of strontium chloride in dental hypersensitivity. I have osteoporosis and am afraid of the treatments for it have been trying strontium citrate not sure about my decision. J.Dent. Strontium as a marker for intestinal calcium absorption: the stimulatory effect of calcitriol. View abstract. Johnson, G. H., Bales, D. J., Gordon, G. E., and Powell, L. V. Clinical performance of posterior composite resin restorations. Effects of strontium ranelate and alendronate on bone microstructure in women with osteoporosis. McAlindon TE, LaValley MP, Gulin JP, Felson DT. Consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity. Osteoporosis treatment: Medications can help Osteoporosis treatment may involve medication along with lifestyle change. Doggrell, S. A. JAMA 8-18-1999;282(7):637-645. Baziotis N, Yakoumakis E, Zissimopoulos A, et al. Strontium controls the activity of OPG and RANKL; these are essential molecules that regulate the rates of bone resorption. If youre suffering from bone or prostate cancer, radioactive strontium therapyshould only be given by or under the direct supervision of a doctor with specialized training in nuclear medicine or radiation oncology. Basically, it is like you are consuming rocks. Pearce, N. X., Addy, M., and Newcombe, R. G. Dentine hypersensitivity: a clinical trial to compare 2 strontium densensitizing toothpastes with a conventional fluoride toothpaste. 2005;54(9):758-767. EPI-GETBP Study Group. Delayed strontium absorption in post-menopausal osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Obtaining strontium from your diet by eating seafood, whole grains,beans, spinach, lettuce, celery, androot vegetableslike carrots and potatoes is the safest way to boost your strontium levels. 2004;86-A(3):538-545. Go to the Bones, Joints & Muscles Support Group. Calcium and strontium metabolic studies in patients on CAPD. Before you consider calcium supplements, be sure you understand how much calcium you need, the pros and cons of calcium supplements, and which type of supplement to choose. The compound Strontium Citrate has CAS number 40182-75- and molecular formula C6H5O7Sr-. Clin Nucl Med 2004;29:81-5. Strontium can attach to some antibiotics called tetracyclines in the stomach. View abstract. 2000;11(1):83-91. 2007;5(4):692-699. 2017 Aug;55(8):93-94. 3-23-1998;158(6):585-593. Strontium may also influence other essential functions, including calcium absorption, bone formation & breakdown, and it restores alkaline pH to improve the health of skin, hair, and nails). Skoryna SC. Calcium citrate is another of the more common calcium types used in calcium supplements. View abstract. Study design: Prospective animal model study. Interaction of strontium and vitamin D. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 1975;169:322-9. Scand J Rheumatol 2001;30(4):242-247. Spector, T. D., Conaghan, P. G., Buckland-Wright, J. C., Garnero, P., Cline, G. A., Beary, J. F., Valent, D. J., and Meyer, J. M. Effect of risedronate on joint structure and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis: results of the BRISK randomized, controlled trial [ISRCTN01928173]. Clin Chem 2000;46:248-51. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/prac-recommends-suspending-use-protelososseor, https://theros.org.uk/latest-news/2019-01-14-strontium-ranelate-returns-to-the-uk-as-an-osteoporosis-drug-treatment. N.Engl.J.Med. You also do not know whether they can seriously harm you. A., Preston, D. F., Wegst, A. V., and Martin, N. L. Treatment of metastatic bone pain with strontium-89. N.Engl.J.Med. Ettinger, B., Black, D. M., Mitlak, B. H., Knickerbocker, R. K., Nickelsen, T., Genant, H. K., Christiansen, C., Delmas, P. D., Zanchetta, J. R., Stakkestad, J., Gluer, C. C., Krueger, K., Cohen, F. J., Eckert, S., Ensrud, K. E., Avioli, L. V., Lips, P., and Cummings, S. R. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. Les Laboratoires Servier, 2006. View abstract. One study indicated that taking at least three milligrams per day of boron may have anti-inflammatory effects, which can help with osteoarthritis. No difference in intestinal strontium absorption after oral or IV calcitriol in children with secondary hyperparathyroidism. 2006;54(10):3205-3211. Protelos European Summary of Product Characteristics. The PRAC weighed the benefits of the medicine against the known risks and concluded that the balance was no longer favourable and recommended Protelos/Osseor be suspended until there are new data showing a favourable balance in a defined patient group.[1]. McClung, M. R., Geusens, P., Miller, P. D., Zippel, H., Bensen, W. G., Roux, C., Adami, S., Fogelman, I., Diamond, T., Eastell, R., Meunier, P. J., and Reginster, J. Y. (16), Strontiums name comes from Strontian, a village in Scotland. The radioactive form of Sr is not available as a dietary supplement, but it is considered to likely be safe when administered by a health care professional by IV. 1992;19(10):737-740. J.Dent.Res. Meta-analysis: chondroitin for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. After a 7-day . Overall, the review concludes: For patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer suffering from malignant bone pain, treatment with a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical is a relevant therapeutic option often resulting in significant pain reduction. View abstract. View abstract. Have you ever heard of strontium? Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group. Results 12 weeks following cessation of 8 weeks' supervised use. Next year will be my third year off the reclast so it will be interesting to see what docs will then suggest. A coordinator will follow up to see if Mayo Clinic is right for you. J.Periodontol. Pearce, E. I. and Sissons, C. H. The concomitant deposition of strontium and fluoride in dental plaque. As I said earlier, strontium is naturally found in some foods like grains and root vegetables and that amount is typically higher when there is a higher level of strontium in the growing soil. The product can increase bone density, and it can also slow down bone loss. Strontium has a chemical similarity to calcium and will replace calcium as the mineral in bone. 2013 Feb;72(2):179-86. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202231. View abstract. Ann Intern Med 2007;146:580-90. Meunier PJ, Slosman DO, Delmas PD, et al. When people are looking into options for osteoporosis medications, some people want to take the natural route and choose to make strontium a part of their treatment plan. 4-12-2005;172(8):1039-1043. 2008;39(4):321-325. I. Inhibition of intestinal calcium absorption and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol synthesis. Rheumatol.Int. Symptoms modifying effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) in knee osteoarthritis. Even though its not considered a nutrient, its known that the human body can absorb strontium and utilize it as it would calcium. Osteoporos.Int. View abstract. Osteoporos.Int. My Dr wants me to start taking this. PROOF Study Group. View abstract. Spine (Phila Pa 1976.) Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale. Causes, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment. I have been treated with bisphosphanates, forteo, prolia and I had 11 non-traumatic spontaneous vertebral compression fractures during treatment. It also appears that people with strontium in their local water supply seem to have decreased cavity risk. 1970;41(12):702-703. Hughes, N., Mason, S., Jeffery, P., Welton, H., Tobin, M., O'Shea, C., and Browne, M. A comparative clinical study investigating the efficacy of a test dentifrice containing 8% strontium acetate and 1040 ppm sodium fluoride versus a marketed control dentifrice containing 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity. Some tetracycline antibiotics include demeclocycline (Declomycin), minocycline (Minocin), and tetracycline. I did find some information on the Mayo Clinic website on osteoporosis. Relationship between bone mineral density changes and fracture risk reduction in patients treated with strontium ranelate. View abstract. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab 2007;92(8):3076-3081. View abstract. The effect of fluoride and strontium application on dentin: in vivo and in vitro studies. CMAJ. It is a rarecarbonate mineraland one of only a few strontium minerals. Clin.Prev.Dent. Les Laboratoires Servier ceased the distribution of Protelos/Osseor in August 2017. 1999;25(9):689-694. FDA. In addition to possibly helping to reduce painful tooth sensitivity, strontium may be helpful when it comes to tooth decay and cavities. What you need to know about strontium suppements for osteoporosis. Ter.Arkh. It's not known if strontium contained in dietary supplements has these effects. You do not know what amounts your body is getting when you take these supplements. Gutteridge DH, Robinson CJ, Joplin GF. It's not known if strontium. Arthritis Rheum. These side effects may be mild or severe. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(2):CD002946. I am actively and urgently in the process of deciding which osteoporosis treatment I want to "pitch" to my doctors. No difference in intestinal strontium absorption after an oral or an intravenous 1,25(OH)2D3 bolus in normal subjects. Osteoporos.Int. All rights reserved. Vertebral Efficacy With Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. Many formulas for bone health will include a form of Sr. Omdahl JL, DeLuca HF. Meanwhile, strontium citrate features a 31% elemental strontium and only 69% citrate. People with prostate cancer sometimes have the cancer metastasize and spread to their bones. Lancet 12-7-1996;348(9041):1535-1541. View abstract. Because strontium and calcium have very similar molecular structures, the body treats them much the same. Fed.Oper.Dent. The drug name for this radioactive form is Metastron. ", UC Davis School of Medicine: "Strontium Citrate for Osteoporosis Prevention Evaluation (SCOPE). Strontium can be found in supplement form online and in health stores. Marquis, P., Roux, C., de la Loge, C., Diaz-Curiel, M., Cormier, C., Isaia, G., Badurski, J., Wark, J., and Meunier, P. J. Strontium ranelate prevents quality of life impairment in post-menopausal women with established vertebral osteoporosis. 2013 Sep 4;93(5):520-6. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1564. Hwang, J. S., Chen, J. F., Yang, T. S., Wu, D. J., Tsai, K. S., Ho, C., Wu, C. H., Su, S. L., Wang, C. J., and Tu, S. T. The effects of strontium ranelate in Asian women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Collins, J. F. and Perkins, L. Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of three dentifrices in relieving dentin sensitivity. Several types of calcium supplements are available are on the market in the U.S. [1] PRAC recommends suspending use of Protelos/Osseor. 2014.https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/prac-recommends-suspending-use-protelososseor, [2] Royal Osteoporosis Society. View abstract. Malaise, O., Bruyere, O., and Reginster, J. Y. Strontium ranelate normalizes bone mineral density in osteopenic patients. Bone. Concentrations of trace elements in osteoarthritic knee-joint effusions. Posted: 09/28/19;Revised: 09/25/20. Clin Chem 1999;45:1548-56. Previous research demonstrates that strontium ranelate can promote bone formation while decreasing vertebral and nonvertebral fracture risk in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. J.Clin.Dent. J.Bone Miner.Res. Zhai, H., Hannon, W., Hahn, G. S., Pelosi, A., Harper, R. A., and Maibach, H. I. Strontium nitrate suppresses chemically-induced sensory irritation in humans. Do not take it within 2 hours of ingesting calcium so I take it at bedtime. Ringe, J. D. and Doherty, J. G. Absolute risk reduction in osteoporosis: assessing treatment efficacy by number needed to treat. Bone 2009;45(3):460-465. Rousselet F, El Solh N, Maurat JP, et al. View abstract. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) Toxicological profile for strontium. Further research is still needed and it can be dangerous to use these supplements if you have certain health conditions. Connect with thousands of patients and caregivers for support, practical information, and answers. 2008;9:165. This technology we use to assemble our list depends on a variety of factors, including but not limited to the following: Brand Value: Every brand of strontium citrate . Reginster JY, Kaufman JM, Goemaere S, et al. According to Cancer Research UK, If there are cancer cells in more than one area of bone, radioactive strontium can work well to treat those areas and reduce pain. (11). B., Eriksen, E. F., Ish-Shalom, S., Genant, H. K., Wang, O., and Mitlak, B. H. Effect of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The drug makes your bones stronger and lowers your chances of getting fractures. Medical studies done on the ingredients have shown conclusively that this product is effective. 23(1):305-315. doi: 10.1007/s00198-011-1758-z. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. View abstract. This could cause the body to have too much strontium and potentially cause side effects. A number of studies have shown that it can strengthen bone and reduce the risk of fractures, even among women 74 years of age or older when risks are highest. Esomeprazole (Nexium) is not the same medication as esomeprazole strontium, although both are used to treat similar stomach conditions. The effects of strontium ranelate on the risk of vertebral fracture in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. It has been licensed for sale in the UK and elsewhere in Europe for treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2006;(1):CD005117. Am J Med. (21). Symptomatic efficacy of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial with a six-month treatment period and a two-month followup demonstrating a persistent effect. 2005;16(10):1291-1298. View abstract. 5-3-2007;356(18):1809-1822. Is Lamb Healthy? 2015 Feb;74(2):422-9. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203989. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/in-depth/osteoporosis-treatment/art-20046869. 5-10-2001;344(19):1434-1441. Cummings SR, McClung MR Christiansen C et al. Osteoporos.Int. JAMA 2000;283:1469-75. Seeman E, Boonen S, Borgstrm F, et al. 1992;23(10):705-711. If youre not into chemistry, then those scientific facts probably dont mean that much to you. View abstract. An extensive scientific review published in 2000 concludes that: It is clear from published reports and from daily practice that injection with Sr-89 is a simple, well-tolerated treatment providing a considerable chance of good palliation of pain in patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer. Rabenda, V. and Reginster, J. Y. J Bone Miner Res 2001;16:299-308. . In Australia and some countries in Europe, a form of strontium called strontium ranelate (Osseor Protelos) is available as a prescription medication to treat and prevent osteoporosis and bone fractures. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A., Cosman, F., Lakatos, P., Leung, P. C., Man, Z., Mautalen, C., Mesenbrink, P., Hu, H., Caminis, J., Tong, K., Rosario-Jansen, T., Krasnow, J., Hue, T. F., Sellmeyer, D., Eriksen, E. F., and Cummings, S. R. Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. JAMA 1995;274:420-4. View abstract. 2004;19(8):1241-1249. J Am Diet Assoc 1987;87:1644-50. View abstract. Quintessence.Int. [2] Royal Osteoporosis Society. A new desensitizing dentifrice: preliminary report. I will be contacting my urologist who I just began working with to let her know about Strontium. (14). I was told by the endocrinologist who I went to for osteoporosis that AlgaeCal is no better than taking calcium and vitamin D. I am reading the book "Strong Women, Strong Bones" and I highly recommend it. Seafood is a top source of Sr, but it can also be found in smaller quantities in whole milk, grains,beans, spinach, lettuce, celery, androot vegetableslike carrots and potatoes. 2009;20(10):1663-1673. Calcif.Tissue Int. Description Pure Encapsulations' Strontium capsules provide one of the many trace minerals essential to bone health. Kidney Int 2003;64:534-43. . I was diagnosed with osteopenia", "I have osteoporosis and am afraid of the treatments for it have been trying strontium citrate", "My wife has severe Osteoporosis .It has been improving with Medicines, Yearly injections , Exercise ,". Cheung, K. M., Lu, W. W., Luk, K. D., Wong, C. T., Chan, D., Shen, J. X., Qiu, G. X., Zheng, Z. M., Li, C. H., Liu, S. L., Chan, W. K., and Leong, J. C. Vertebroplasty by use of a strontium-containing bioactive bone cement. Bruyere, O., Burlet, N., Delmas, P. D., Rizzoli, R., Cooper, C., and Reginster, J. Y. The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice. A common therapeutic dose you will often seen recommended for boosting bone health is 680 milligrams per day. It is said to have first been found in the ores of lead mines in Strontian in 1787. N.Engl.J.Med. All Rights Reserved. (4a) In addition, strontianite is a mineral that comes from concentrations of strontium compounds, and there are several strontium compounds. Peng H, Yao F, Xiong S, Wu Z, Niu G, Lu T. Strontium in public drinking water and associated public health risks in Chinese cities. 1994;65(2):113-119. A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism looked at the effects of Sr on 261 men with primary osteoporosis. Loutit, J. F. Diurnal variation in urinary excretion of calcium and strontium. Roux, C., Reginster, J. Y., Fechtenbaum, J., Kolta, S., Sawicki, A., Tulassay, Z., Luisetto, G., Padrino, J. M., Doyle, D., Prince, R., Fardellone, P., Sorensen, O. H., and Meunier, P. J. Vertebral fracture risk reduction with strontium ranelate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis is independent of baseline risk factors. View abstract. Strontium 89 in the treatment of pain due to diffuse osseous metastases: a university hospital experience. Some. In the mean time I do have bone density scans to keep an eye on bone density. Theres not enough research to know if strontium fights osteoporosis. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This Dr. Axe content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure factually accurate information. Zinc is crucial for various functions in the body, including: 1. 1991;13(3):21-25. A., Hoiseth, A., Felsenberg, D., Huss, H., Gilbride, J., Schimmer, R. C., and Delmas, P. D. Effects of oral ibandronate administered daily or intermittently on fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. Proc.R.Soc.Lond B Biol.Sci. Initially Forteo was top contender (refrigeration requirement is an issue) until I came across Tymlos (refrigeration being easier to manage is one of several benefits over Forteo). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. It may even cause constipation or digestive discomfort. What does this alkaline earth metal look like in nature? JAMA 12-17-2003;290(23):3115-3121. J.Clin.Periodontol. To measure the effectiveness of it, researchers measured bone mineral density in the neck, spine and hip as well as some biochemical bone markers. This decreases the amount of quinolones that can be absorbed. View abstract. Strontium is considered to be safe in normal food amounts and as a toothpaste ingredient. (7,8), There have been more studies that show the positive effects of strontium ranelate on osteoporosis and bone fractures. View abstract. Small doses of strontium citrate are generally safe and effective, but some sensible precautions apply. 1967;5(6):318-321. Boron is an element. Reginster, J. Y., Bruyere, O., Sawicki, A., Roces-Varela, A., Fardellone, P., Roberts, A., and Devogelaer, J. P. Long-term treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with strontium ranelate: results at 8 years. Int.J.Rad.Appl.Instrum.B 1987;14(3):219-222. Most calcium supplements are big and difficult to swallow. View abstract. What Is Secondary Prevention of Osteoporosis? Afflitto, J., Schmid, R., Esposito, A., Toddywala, R., and Gaffar, A. Fluoride availability in human saliva after dentifrice use: correlation with anticaries effects in rats. Osteoporosis Int. Strontium ranelate is associated with other harmful effects, including serious skin reactions, disturbances in thinking, seizures, liver inflammation, and reduced numbers of red blood cells. Bruyre O, Reginster JY, Bellamy N, et al. It is prescribed only for those who would otherwise have no other suitable treatment to reduce their risk of broken bones.[2]. Reginster, J. Y. Gedalia, I., Brayer, L., Kalter, N., Richter, M., and Stabholz, A. The application of Sr-89 is cost-effective, especially when compared with [opioid painkillers]. My teeth are really strong and it feels like my bones are too. If you are concerned about the bone-thinning disease osteoporosis, you may have heard about treatment with strontium. You do not know the effectiveness of the supplements. Brand: Algaecal. 2012;23(3):1115-1122. doi: 10.1007/s00198-011-1847-z.

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