Eduard Einstein (28 July 1910 - 25 October 1965) was born in Zrich, Switzerland, the second son of physicist Albert Einstein . Albert Einstein (1879-1955) is one of the most famous scientists of . Einstein wrote in his letters to Mari that he preferred studying alongside her. Soon, this idea attracted the attention of Einstein and his assistant Otto Stern. Einstein refused surgery, he said, "I want to go when I. He also studied continuum mechanics, the molecular theory of heat, and the problem of gravitation, on which he worked with mathematician and friend Marcel Grossmann. Einstein was aware that getting the frequency of the actual oscillations would be difficult, but he nevertheless proposed this theory because it was a particularly clear demonstration that quantum mechanics could solve the specific heat problem in classical mechanics. What did Albert Einstein do with his brain after deathEinstein's death 60 years ago was just the start of a strange journey for the most prized part of his a. Mount Einstein in New Zealand's Paparoa Range was named after him in 1970 by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. This paper also argued that the idea of a luminiferous aetherone of the leading theoretical entities in physics at the timewas superfluous. When Albert Einstein died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm on April 18, 1955, he left behind an unparalleled legacy. The rising Nazi movement found a convenient target in relativity, branding it "Jewish physics" and sponsoring conferences and book burnings to denounce Einstein and his theories. Books and equations litter Einsteins study. It's time to let go of this time. Noether's theorem allows these quantities to be determined from a Lagrangian with translation invariance, but general covariance makes translation invariance into something of a gauge symmetry. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. Einstein became a full professor at the German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague in April 1911, accepting Austrian citizenship in the Austro-Hungarian Empire to do so. When asked if he wanted surgery, Einstein replied, "I don't want to go when I want to go." It is extremely tasteless, which can artificially prolong life. For me the Jewish religion like all other religions is an incarnation of the most childish superstitions. The first, indirect, detection of gravitational waves came in the 1970s through observation of a pair of closely orbiting neutron stars, PSR B1913+16. [136] Churchill later observed that as a result of Germany having driven the Jews out, they had lowered their "technical standards" and put the Allies' technology ahead of theirs. [125] He and his wife Elsa returned to Europe in March, and during the trip, they learned that the German Reichstag had passed the Enabling Act on 23 March, transforming Hitler's government into a de facto legal dictatorship, and that they would not be able to proceed to Berlin. [20] On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential German nuclear weapons program and recommending that the US begin similar research. It almost seems to me that man was not born to be a carnivore."[190]. Einstein saw this waveparticle duality in radiation as concrete evidence for his conviction that physics needed a new, unified foundation. [130], Einstein was now without a permanent home, unsure where he would live and work, and equally worried about the fate of countless other scientists still in Germany. Kant became his favorite philosopher, his tutor stating: "At the time he was still a child, only thirteen years old, yet Kant's works, incomprehensible to ordinary mortals, seemed to be clear to him. This paper introduced the photon concept (although the name photon was introduced later by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1926) and inspired the notion of waveparticle duality in quantum mechanics. It was chaos, recalled LIFE magazine journalist Ralph Morse. Bruria Kaufman, his assistant, later became a physicist. Einstein was born in the German Empire, but moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his German citizenship (as a subject of the Kingdom of Wrttemberg)[note 1] the following year. Relativity and quantum mechanics are the two pillars of modern physics. An intelligent man, Einstein had strict wishes for his body after his death.He had specific instructions left behind that instructed for his body to be cremated and scattered. In 1935, Einstein returned to quantum mechanics, in particular to the question of its completeness, in a collaboration with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen that laid out what would become known as the EPR paradox. People flocked to the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University upon hearing of Einsteins death. While developing general relativity, Einstein became confused about the gauge invariance in the theory. [246][247] In each of these models, Einstein discarded the cosmological constant, claiming that it was "in any case theoretically unsatisfactory". Albert Einsteins cluttered office desk after he died. Here Comes Einstein's Year", "Letter to M. Berkowitz, 25 October 1950", "Einstein's 'I don't believe in God' letter has sold on eBay", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Upon landing in Antwerp, Belgium on 28 March, Einstein immediately went to the German consulate and surrendered his passport, formally renouncing his German citizenship. He said once, "I believe that pipe smoking contributes to a somewhat calm and objective judgment in all human affairs". He acquired Swiss citizenship in February 1901,[71] but was not conscripted for medical reasons. Mount Einstein in the Chugach Mountains of Alaska was named in 1955. Martinez, A. This modification was made by Einstein and Cartan in the 1920s. In July 1912, he returned to his alma mater in Zrich. Mari returned to Switzerland without the child, whose real name and fate are unknown. As its name suggests, it was a sketch of a theory, less elegant and more difficult than general relativity, with the equations of motion supplemented by additional gauge fixing conditions. After his death, his brain was preserved in a mutter museum the brain is 20 microns thick and stained with Cresyl Violet, which is preserved in glass slides. [111] Originally slated to serve as the Swiss delegate, Secretary-General Eric Drummond was persuaded by Catholic activists Oskar Halecki and Giuseppe Motta to instead have him become the German delegate, thus allowing Gonzague de Reynold to take the Swiss spot, from which he promoted traditionalist Catholic values. His first wife, Mileva Maria, was a Serbian mathematician and the two were married in 1903. [13] Einsteinium, one of the synthetic elements in the periodic table, was named in his honor.[14]. Even though Einstein's doctors had told him to quit smoking various times throughout his life, the genius rarely hung up the vice for long. How did Albert Einstein die? April 18, 1955. Einstein thought that the laws of classical mechanics could no longer be reconciled with those of the electromagnetic field, which led him to develop his special theory of relativity. So Einstein proposed that the path of a singular solution, like a black hole, would be determined to be a geodesic from general relativity itself. Schrdinger urged Einstein to add his name as co-author, although Einstein declined the invitation. "[200] He died in the University Medical Center of Princeton at Plainsboro early the next morning at the age of 76, having continued to work until near the end. Barbara Wolff, of the Hebrew University's Albert Einstein Archives, told the BBC that there are about 3,500 pages of private correspondence written between 1912 and 1955. The existence of gravitational waves is possible under general relativity due to its Lorentz invariance which brings the concept of a finite speed of propagation of the physical interactions of gravity with it. His friendship with Millikan was "awkward", as Millikan "had a penchant for patriotic militarism", where Einstein was a pronounced pacifist. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey. Albert Einstein's time on earth ended on April 18, 1955, at the Princeton Hospital. I will do it elegantly. [88], When the "Manifesto of the Ninety-Three" was published in October 1914a document signed by a host of prominent German intellectuals that justified Germany's militarism and position during the First World WarEinstein was one of the few German intellectuals to rebut its contents and sign the pacifistic "Manifesto to the Europeans". [274] Although he was lauded for this work, his efforts were ultimately unsuccessful. In 1917, at the height of his work on relativity, Einstein published an article in Physikalische Zeitschrift that proposed the possibility of stimulated emission, the physical process that makes possible the maser and the laser. The following year, after he gave a lecture on electrodynamics and the relativity principle at the University of Zurich, Alfred Kleiner recommended him to the faculty for a newly created professorship in theoretical physics. Feb 25 Without any definitive answer, we can still estimate his probable IQ score. Here is all you want to know, and more! After Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus and proposed that electrons orbit like planets, Niels Bohr was able to show that the same quantum mechanical postulates introduced by Planck and developed by Einstein would explain the discrete motion of electrons in atoms, and the periodic table of the elements. I cannot see anything 'chosen' about them.[188]. The four papers are: Einstein's first paper[79][221] submitted in 1900 to Annalen der Physik was on capillary attraction. In late July 1933, he went to England for about six weeks at the personal invitation of British naval officer Commander Oliver Locker-Lampson, who had become friends with Einstein in the preceding years. Cariaga, Daniel, "Not Taking It with You: A Tale of Two Estates", "Relaxed Einstein signs for a fellow violinist before sailing to Germany for the last time", "The Case of the Scientist with a Pulsating Mass", "Draft of projected Telecast Israel Independence Day, April 1955 (last statement ever written)", "The Day Albert Einstein Died: A Photographer's Story", "The Long, Strange Journey of Einstein's Brain", "Dr. Albert Einstein Dies in Sleep at 76; World Mourns Loss of Great Scientist, Rupture of Aorta Causes Death, Body Cremated, Memorial Here Set", "Thousands of Einstein Documents Are Now a Click Away", "Einstein archive at the Instituut-Lorentz", "List of Scientific Publications of Albert Einstein", "Found! Einstein died in Princeton Hospital on April 17th, 1955 at the age of 76 . [31] A family tutor Max Talmud says that after he had given the 12-year-old Einstein a geometry textbook, after a short time "[Einstein] had worked through the whole book. [3], Einstein resigned from the Prussian Academy in March 1933. World-renowned physicist Albert Einstein passed away in Princeton Hospital in New Jersey on 18 April, 1955. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in "Einstein" becoming synonymous with "genius". [118] Also during his stay in New York, he joined a crowd of 15,000 people at Madison Square Garden during a Hanukkah celebration. Before he developed his theory of general relativity in 1915 and won the Nobel Peace Prize for Physics six years after that, Einstein was just another aimless middle-class Jew with secular parents. [172] He made suggestions for the creation of an Institute of Agriculture, a Chemical Institute and an Institute of Microbiology in order to fight the various ongoing epidemics such as malaria, which he called an "evil" that was undermining a third of the country's development. "[272], Although Einstein was wrong about local realism, his clear prediction of the unusual properties of its opposite, entangled quantum states, has resulted in the EPR paper becoming among the most influential papers published in Physical Review. After learning about the cause of Albert Einsteins death, read about the fascinating story behind Albert Einsteins iconic tongue photo. Einstein was a genius, no doubt about it, so where does that put Einstein's IQ? His last words were in German and were not understood by the nurse. But the 76-year-old famed German physicist was ready, and he informed his doctors with all the clarity of a math equation that he would not like to receive medical attention. He was greeted as if he were a head of state, rather than a physicist, which included a cannon salute upon arriving at the home of the British high commissioner, Sir Herbert Samuel. Einstein also published his own articles describing the model and its implications, among them the BoseEinstein condensate phenomenon that some particulates should appear at very low temperatures. In a German-language letter to philosopher Eric Gutkind, dated 3 January 1954, Einstein wrote: The word God is for me nothing more than the expression and product of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of honorable, but still primitive legends which are nevertheless pretty childish. For Einstein, "war was a disease [and] he called for resistance to war." In a 1905 paper,[213] Einstein postulated that light itself consists of localized particles (quanta). [121], Chaplin's film, City Lights, was to premiere a few days later in Hollywood, and Chaplin invited Einstein and Elsa to join him as his special guests. Du Bois and was prepared to testify on his behalf during his trial in 1951. He then extended the theory to gravitational fields; he published a paper on general relativity in 1916, introducing his theory of gravitation. Albert Einstein Play, Light, Soul 446 Copy quote Einstein, then, believed that space and time are related, he added, so a rotating black hole could "cause a twisting of time." But there's a catch: There's a lack of black holes. [138], On 3 October 1933, Einstein delivered a speech on the importance of academic freedom before a packed audience at the Royal Albert Hall in London, with The Times reporting he was wildly cheered throughout. He is considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. Perhaps the case of Einsteins brain can be summed up in this quote he once scrawled across the blackboard of his Princeton University office: Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts.. [142], Einstein was still undecided on his future. [116], In December 1930, Einstein visited America for the second time, originally intended as a two-month working visit as a research fellow at the California Institute of Technology. [118] Harry Emerson Fosdick, pastor at New York's Riverside Church, gave Einstein a tour of the church and showed him a full-size statue that the church made of Einstein, standing at the entrance. In the period before World War II, The New Yorker published a vignette in their "The Talk of the Town" feature saying that Einstein was so well known in America that he would be stopped on the street by people wanting him to explain "that theory". [69] His mother cared for him and he was also committed to asylums for several periods, finally, after her death, being committed permanently to Burghlzli, the Psychiatric University Hospital in Zrich. But Albert Einsteins cause of death could have been exacerbated by another factor: his lifelong smoking habit. [12] While the general theory of relativity was still considered somewhat controversial, the citation also does not treat even the cited photoelectric work as an explanation but merely as a discovery of the law, as the idea of photons was considered outlandish and did not receive universal acceptance until the 1924 derivation of the Planck spectrum by S. N. Bose. [note 3][140] Both bills failed, however, and Einstein then accepted an earlier offer from the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton, New Jersey, US, to become a resident scholar. I have done my share, it is time to go. [151] In addition to the letter, Einstein used his connections with the Belgian Royal Family[152] and the Belgian queen mother to get access with a personal envoy to the White House's Oval Office. On 7 November 1919, the leading British newspaper The Times printed a banner headline that read: "Revolution in Science New Theory of the Universe Newtonian Ideas Overthrown". Quantizing these oscillators, each level will have an integer occupation number, which will be the number of particles in it. [178], Einstein spoke of his spiritual outlook in a wide array of original writings and interviews. This approach has been echoed by Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz, and others, and has become standard. In that article titled "On the Relativity Principle and the Conclusions Drawn from It", he argued that free fall is really inertial motion, and that for a free-falling observer the rules of special relativity must apply. Einstein had experienced a condition like this before and had it surgically repaired in 1948. Albert Einstein. 1896-1900. [139] In his speech he described Einstein as a "citizen of the world" who should be offered a temporary shelter in the UK. None of the nominations in 1921 met the criteria set by Alfred Nobel, so the 1921 prize was carried forward and awarded to Einstein in 1922.[12]. [286] Despite the general public having little understanding of his work, he was widely recognized and received adulation and publicity. Albert Einstein Death. The world-famous physicist, Einstein, who lived and died in seclusion, was cremated without any funeral services at 4:10 PM in West Trenton, N.J., with only 15 relatives and close friends attending. Einstein's medical history. [120] Chaplin visited Einstein at his home on a later trip to Berlin and recalled his "modest little flat" and the piano at which he had begun writing his theory. In 1905, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich. His theories, or ideas, led to new ways of thinking about the universe . From 1912 until 1914, he was a professor of theoretical physics at the ETH Zurich, where he taught analytical mechanics and thermodynamics. Einstein relates this to Rayleigh scattering, which is what happens when the fluctuation size is much smaller than the wavelength, and which explains why the sky is blue. [252][253] As he stated in the paper, "In what follows, I would like to draw attention to a solution to equation (1) that can account for Hubbel's [sic] facts, and in which the density is constant over time" "If one considers a physically bounded volume, particles of matter will be continually leaving it. The examiner stated afterward that his playing was "remarkable and revealing of 'great insight'". [52][53] As part of the divorce settlement, Einstein agreed to give Mari any future (in the event, 1921) Nobel Prize money. He married Elsa Lwenthal in 1919 and they lived together until her death in 1936. [40] In 1900, Einstein passed the exams in Maths and Physics and was awarded a Federal teaching diploma. Einstein died on April 18 . [160], In 1946, Einstein visited Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, a historically black college, where he was awarded an honorary degree. Wikimedia CommonsAlbert Einstein with his second wife, Elsa. The cause of death was an accidental overdose of the opioid painkiller fentanyl. [157], In 1918, Einstein was one of the founding members of the German Democratic Party, a liberal party. However, after publishing the findings, they promptly withdrew their support, because they no longer had confidence in the correctness of the idea of zero-point energy.[264]. "[287], Einstein has been the subject of or inspiration for many novels, films, plays, and works of music. [3][8] His massenergy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". According to one doctor who was friends with the physicist and wrote about the death of Albert Einstein, AAA can be instigated by syphilis, a disease some thought that Einstein, who was a strongly sexual person, could have contracted. He was 76. [114] Einstein's visit was initiated by Jorge Duclout (18561927) and Mauricio Nirenstein (18771935)[115] with the support of several Argentine scholars, including Julio Rey Pastor, Jakob Laub, and Leopoldo Lugones. This was established by Einstein, Infeld, and Hoffmann for pointlike objects without angular momentum, and by Roy Kerr for spinning objects. Albert Einstein was 76 when he died from internal bleeding caused by an abdominal aneurysm on April 18, 1955. The underlying claims between the parties in that lawsuit were ultimately settled. Albert Einstein (/anstan/ EYEN-styne;[6] German: [albt antan] (listen); 14 March 1879 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist,[7] widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. [168], Einstein was deeply impressed by Mahatma Gandhi, with whom he exchanged written letters. The nurse. In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States, Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. Although the court initially held that the right had expired,[280] that ruling was immediately appealed, and the decision was later vacated in its entirety. Quotes "It is only to the individual that a soul is given." Albert Einstein "The environment is everything that isn't me." Albert Einstein "There is no logical way to the discovery of these elemental laws. General relativity (GR) is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Einstein between 1907 and 1915. This article showed that the statistics of absorption and emission of light would only be consistent with Planck's distribution law if the emission of light into a mode with n photons would be enhanced statistically compared to the emission of light into an empty mode. Yet Morse managed to take some iconic photographs of the physicists home after Albert Einsteins death. Albert Einstein's Desk. [30] Einstein also independently discovered his own original proof of the Pythagorean theorem aged 12. Einstein died of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, the same condition that caused the death of actor George C. Scott, famous for his portrayal of General George Patton in the 1970 movie, "Patton." Not long after settling into his career at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, he expressed his appreciation of the meritocracy in American culture compared to Europe. Albert Einstein's history & family - In March 1879, Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany. [224] Einstein's 1905 work on relativity remained controversial for many years, but was accepted by leading physicists, starting with Max Planck. By 1932, the strengthening Nazi movement had branded Einsteins theories as Jewish physics and the country denounced his work. In addition to longtime collaborators Leopold Infeld, Nathan Rosen, Peter Bergmann and others, Einstein also had some one-shot collaborations with various scientists. In the Einstein model, each atom oscillates independentlya series of equally spaced quantized states for each oscillator. [132] Locker-Lampson invited him to stay near his Cromer home in a wooden cabin on Roughton Heath in the Parish of Roughton, Norfolk. His father intended for him to pursue electrical engineering, but Einstein clashed with the authorities and resented the school's regimen and teaching method. In 1917, Einstein became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics; he also became a German citizen again, this time Prussian. [155], Einstein became an American citizen in 1940. In the same article, Einstein also predicted the phenomena of gravitational time dilation, gravitational redshift and deflection of light. [99] He went on to deliver several lectures at Columbia University and Princeton University, and in Washington, he accompanied representatives of the National Academy of Sciences on a visit to the White House. Since the equations of general relativity are non-linear, a lump of energy made out of pure gravitational fields, like a black hole, would move on a trajectory which is determined by the Einstein field equations themselves, not by a new law. Death, Done, Want. I will do it elegantly.. In order to incorporate spinning point particles into general relativity, the affine connection needed to be generalized to include an antisymmetric part, called the torsion. [67][68][failed verification], Einstein's son Eduard had a breakdown at about age 20 and was diagnosed with schizophrenia. "[32], In 1895, at the age of 16, Einstein took the entrance examinations for the Swiss Federal polytechnic school in Zrich (later the Eidgenssische Technische Hochschule, ETH). [146] He was one of the four first selected (along with John von Neumann, Kurt Gdel, and Hermann Weyl[147]) at the new Institute, where he soon developed a close friendship with Gdel. According to conductor Leon Botstein, Einstein began playing when he was 5. This idea only became universally accepted in 1919, with Robert Millikan's detailed experiments on the photoelectric effect, and with the measurement of Compton scattering. I have done my share; it is time to go. [15], With a few friends he had met in Bern, Einstein started a small discussion group in 1902, self-mockingly named "The Olympia Academy", which met regularly to discuss science and philosophy. Even though Einstein had written out instructions to be cremated upon death, his son Hans ultimately gave Dr. Harvey his blessing, as he evidently also believed in the importance of studying the mind of a genius. I do not find his methods advisable. Einstein . Einstein rejected this second possibility (popularly called "spooky action at a distance"). In 1897, at the age of 17, he enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss Federal polytechnic school in Zrich, graduating in 1900. [117], After arriving in New York City, Einstein was taken to various places and events, including Chinatown, a lunch with the editors of The New York Times, and a performance of Carmen at the Metropolitan Opera, where he was cheered by the audience on his arrival. [275], In 1926, Einstein and his former student Le Szilrd co-invented (and in 1930, patented) the Einstein refrigerator. [33], At the age of 13, when he had become more seriously interested in philosophy (and music),[34] Einstein was introduced to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. . How Einstein Died ? April 17, 1955, Einstein suffered from internal bleeding that caused a rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. From an early age, Albert Einstein loathed nationalism of any kind and considered it preferable to be a "citizen of the world.". What Was Einstein's IQ? He suggested that a modest life can bring more happiness to someone than one stuck in the pursuit of success. [173] He also promoted the establishment of an Oriental Studies Institute, to include language courses given in both Hebrew and Arabic. [65][66] Later, after the death of his second wife Elsa, Einstein was briefly in a relationship with Margarita Konenkova. Their son Eduard was born in Zrich in July 1910. Albert Einstein is considered to be one of the most intelligent people that ever lived, so researchers are naturally curious about what made his brain tick. He said that "love is a better teacher than a sense of duty". [89], In the spring of 1913, Einstein was enticed to move to Berlin with an offer that included membership in the Prussian Academy of Sciences, and a linked University of Berlin professorship, enabling him to concentrate exclusively on research. [189], He became a vegetarian himself only during the last part of his life. Although in the end Einstein and Gandhi were unable to meet as they had hoped, the direct connection between them was established through Wilfrid Israel. German-born theoretical physicist; developer of the theory of relativity (1879-1955) - Albert Einstein was born in Ulm (city in Baden-Wrttemberg, Germany) on March 14th, 1879 and died in Princeton (municipality in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States) on April 18th, 1955 at the age of 76. Einstein assumed his position with the academy, and Berlin University,[92] after moving into his Dahlem apartment on 1 April 1914. He spoke about a "misguided love" and a "missed life" regarding his love for Marie. 1. He was skeptical that the randomness of quantum mechanics was fundamental rather than the result of determinism, stating that God "is not playing at dice". Elsa was diagnosed with heart and kidney problems in 1935 and died in December 1936. [60][61][62][63] In a volume of letters released by Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2006,[64] Einstein described about six women, including Margarete Lebach (a blonde Austrian), Estella Katzenellenbogen (the rich owner of a florist business), Toni Mendel (a wealthy Jewish widow) and Ethel Michanowski (a Berlin socialite), with whom he spent time and from whom he received gifts while being married to Elsa. Albert Einsteins brain prior to its dissection in 1955. the fascinating story behind Albert Einsteins iconic tongue photo, why Albert Einstein turned down the presidency of Israel. [271], Einstein's belief in local realism led him to assert that, while the correctness of quantum mechanics was not in question, it must be incomplete. [261] It was not until 1995 that the first such condensate was produced experimentally by Eric Allin Cornell and Carl Wieman using ultra-cooling equipment built at the NISTJILA laboratory at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He also investigated the thermal properties of light and the quantum theory of radiation, which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. [270] In a thought experiment, they considered two particles, which had interacted such that their properties were strongly correlated. One's thoughts cannot . Hans Albert in 2005 He married and had four children his first wife, Frieda Knecht. Although the patent office promoted Einstein to Technical Examiner Second Class in 1906, he had not given up on academia. [58] On 3 July 1913, he became a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin. During this period, Einstein tried to develop a unified field theory and to refute the accepted interpretation of quantum physics, both unsuccessfully.

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