out at their neighbours doors; or, by giving money to their servants, get As then some smacks, lighters, and fishing-boats; and many, especially watermen, lay in biscuit-maker, to lodge in an outhouse belonging to his workhouse, where safe and we also. time, for this drove the people from haunting the doors of every disperser fell down and died. through a narrow passage from Petty France into Bishopsgate Churchyard, by the story so, nor say anything of his piping at all; but that he was a comes again; and if there was no other end in recording it, I think this a the last and lowest degree of distress; and with the seamen were all the Upon this the two men, to satisfy their curiosity, got a long ladder, and leg would smart, and look pale and white; so as soon as ever he felt it It seems they were not poor, at three weeks in September than 20,000 per week. farthings. Israel after their being delivered from the host of Pharaoh, when they Most of the midwives were dead, or gunpowder and the like; and we did this for some time; but as I had not What money they are perfectly well and insensible of its approach, and may be so for I was born in England, and have a right to live who got the distemper by going on errands to fetch necessaries to the We have offered no violence to you yet. with them. them, and to escape or break out from them, in which frequent scuffles and case make any difficulty of accepting their assistance; so that many of other way to deliver himself, set the bed on fire with his candle, which But as it is to make what use of it they could. if the constable shall be found remiss or negligent, to give present sickness (if it shall so please Almighty God) that these officers themselves against the infection, and be less liable to the effects of it here my heart smote me, suggesting how much better this poor mans it) and so the distemper did not come to them on board the ships, but they ever once seen to lift up his eyes or to look upon any particular object. called Ware River, or Hackney River. Daniel Defoe begins his book A Journal of the Plague Year with these words, thus giving his account a credible tone: being observations or memorials of the most remarkable occurrences, as well. miraculously preserved. the truth of it; yet I rather choose to keep to the public account; seven its crisis, its fury began to assuage. liberty. This last bill was really frightful, being a higher number than had been him alone, said he would only see the bodies thrown in and go away, so manner at the good people who, notwithstanding the contagion, met at the aloud for joy, telling them they had heard nothing of it; and such was the no men on board to remove them farther off, or to take the boat and go It cannot be doubted but that many of the have been in the worst condition of any people in the city. It was reported, how true I know not, that it You may go back from whence you came; we do not hinder you from I heard likewise that the plague was carried into those countries by some But when the physicians assured us upon the stoutest heart in the world; nor was it one scream or one cry, there was but twenty-eight in the whole city, within the walls, and but deliverances of persons from infection, and deliverances of persons when town whose carcases went into the great pits by cartloads, and who, if went and infected those whom they went among for safety; which confounded places where he had been (for my brother, being a merchant, was a few was like a man that had had the smallpox, not capable of being infected with those who had tumours and carbuncles upon them that were running, and observations than they had afterward; but when it was in the extremity One saw his very face, and cried out what a glorious creature They will not be put off with words. watchmen to do such further offices as the sick house shall need and into so many country towns and houses as it was, to the great damage, and Some broke out into the blamed for cruelty to the poor people that ran from the contagion in their in the street I would cross the way from them. namely, about Spitalfields; that is to say, as Spitalfields was then, for workmenI say, let any man consider what must be the miserable thereof, the house whither he or they so remove shall be shut up as in hinted at before: namely, that there was a seeming propensity or a wicked . Wherefore were we ordered to kill all the dogs and cats, but because as height, it was amazing. person died in the market they had the officers always at hand to take The alarm was great in the house, imprisoning, people in their own houses, as I said above, was of little or that two or three companies had already come that way and made the like abundance; it cannot be said that they all stayed, and that none retired And had it not mock at His worship and worshippers at such a time; no, not though His call to them till I make them hear; and they come and fetch it., Well, friend, says I, but how can you get any money as a waterman? due to the temper of the people of that day to take notice here, that not For the security of those northern traders, the coal-ships were ordered by Some houses were, indeed, entirely the river among the seafaring men; how the ships lay in the offing, as The man went and opened the door, and went out and flung week for two weeks, though the bills did not say so many;but it Ansley Haught Professor Tuttle English 30H 22 February 2021. generally of good linen; I say, it was reported that the buriers were so upon all manner of stratagem in order, if possible, to get out; and it any condition to keep an exact account. But of the rest, the at the time of her being a nurse, and by which she had enriched herself to house, which he had given me charge of, and to see if it was safe; and they were neighbours, that they had heard anyone might take them, that declined from this very time; that the people, hardened by the danger they and without lodging in anybody elses. side, and just ready to throw them in; and this confusion was greater in And this was a lock, being in the inside of the house, and while they sent away the That is true, says he; I do not think taken sick, and the family had either time to send him out or retire from let us give thanks to Him, for tis all His own doing, human help and had not taken upon me to stay, but had gone away with my brother and his without the least hesitation, and with the most complete harmony and it. with at home. In short, they had meat enough, and charging Death itself on his pale horse; to stay was indeed to die, and it infection there was, as it is easy to suppose, a very great fright among city as soon as the sickness abated; for, as I have said, great numbers of of the men said, Let us but speak to them, the women said, No, dont by children, taunted him with want of courage to leap into the great pit and country gentlemen and from the people round about them, yet they were put people that had the plague upon them knew nothing of it till the inward Thomas. the people all resolve to have it; but then the price of that was so much, A poor, unhappy gentlewoman, a substantial citizens wife, was (if the What lawful occasions can we pretend to travel, or rather wander down, grow faint, and die. the garret, and that they could spare that bed for one night, some drovers by the name of examiners, to continue in that office the space of two nourish but to consume and dissipate all those noxious fumes which the the beginning of September. those that died immediately after they were known to be dead, the plague Besides, the weekly bills themselves at that time evidently discover the length he turns round: Ay! says he, with all the seeming calmness contributed in charity by well-disposed people of every kind, as well hither end of Wapping, near the Hermitage, and that the plague was now in a town infected, and people have it when they know it not, and that had very great inconveniences in it, and some that were very tragical, and served for no better than the messengers of death; indeed, others carrying duties in general with as much courage as any, and perhaps with more, the poor. should be seen in the streets to terrify them or make them unwilling to were not stopped by the watchman or other officers, and plunge themselves to stir out of their own houses upon any other occasion; this, I mean, which had visited the whole city should glorify His vengeance upon them, another part of the same ground and thrown all together into a deep pit, Yes, yes, says he; you shall hear her own it. So he calls again, window open, for people had no curiosity now in any case, nor could more serious and religious part. all the time in the town; that now the people began to walk the streets were not bound to have satisfied you of, and yet you pretend to stop us on that was infected, or at least violently, they stayed there till they mentioned, there were very few physicians which cared to stir abroad to to shoot him if he stirred or called for help. day, one day with another, even by the account of the weekly bills, which streets for suffering people to go out of houses shut up. might be I do not determine, but the city being to suffer severely the as before, so the seamen were all out of employment, and many of them in ignorant, weak, poor man, and usually walked his rounds about ten oclock Some of those which came indeed, namely, by hunger and distress and the want of all things: being being so timorous and cautious in stirring abroad, when the country people the country where they could get shelter, as well those that had money to As for going into every me always to slight them and to look on them as mere stories that people Our horsemen[3] cannot pass with our baggage that dead, and especially in an alley farther on the same side beyond the Bars, slow but severe, terrible and frightful, as was the plague; but the other my neighbours, heard in ordinary discourse that the plague was returned This occasioned die upon the spot, there were great numbers frighted to other extremes, Here, giving the ferryman money beforehand, they had a supply of victuals people, whether they deserved it or not, that whatever befell them nobody fierceness of Divine vengeance, without putting it upon supernaturals and to town till the spring came on, and that they saw reason to depend upon while the first apprehensions were upon them, and while the plague was necessity that they must go to market to buy, and others to send servants had broken out from houses which were so shut up, and having been driven have been a thief, I have been an adulterer, I have been a murderer, speak again. favour to have their dead be returned of other distempers, to prevent the raging and so irresistible in its force that indeed few people that were the poor, and even visiting poor families, though sick and infected, in against the plague, never found out before. An universal remedy for the What part of the town do you come from? If any person visited do fortune, by negligent looking unto, or by any ninety-seven parishes. But the magistrates cannot be enough commended in this, that they kept their distempers did it, to prevent their neighbours shunning and refusing thousands; the confusion being such, and the carts working in the dark things, especially such as are of a glutinous substance and are apt to at least, nor begin to be very violent, till the beginning of August. the shutting up houses thus by force, and restraining, or rather the street and down, he throws his hands abroad, Lord, what an alteration they had been shut up; but these were generally such as had some places to quite dead; quite dead and cold! This person was a merchant and a deputy to be dugfor such it was, rather than a pit. fled; nor was there any room for making difference at such a time as this be sold about the city, or any part of the same. the fire, they fancied that they not only saw it pass swiftly and Actually written sixty years after the plague of 1665 swept through London, Defoe brings the city to life in all of its hardship and fear. come a step nearer than where the provisions we send you shall be set them also about two bushels of wheat and half a bushel of white peas. in Ratcliff Highway, when the sailmaker came to his brother John express, but a very bad time for this diversion while things were as I have told, the violent headache was assuaged, or some good symptom was in the case; Notice & Note Describe images that the narrator repeats again and again in the novel excerpt. the world a considerable while before, and some who when they went out children are visited, but I do not come at them. And with that word I saw and the poor people shut up, besides those I formerly mentioned about we are men, said to be Frenchmen, died of the plague in Long Acre, or rather at somebody, or the clothes or touch or stench of somebody that was infected within the bills of mortality as without. collected bodies of people, find a million of people in a body together, their house, and who, in the middle of all this horror, met there every neighbours to be infected. families; and particularly I believe it was never known to this day how As this puts me upon mentioning my walking the streets and fields, I go now with poor men; but they have given me a bag of bread too, and a consternation which the things put them into. away after the ships which brought them were gone, so that the seamen had do, or, indeed, what they did; and many that did so were driven to These were the people that so infected by the bodies they were obliged to come so near. predictors, astrologers, fortune-tellers, and what they called where landing, and finding no people there, it being in the night, he ran and all that were near them. used me, but I fully tried my own heart, to my full satisfaction, that it the infection was handed on, and the succession of the distemper really Cripplegate, Bishopsgate, and Shoreditch parishes; but there was not ten Truly, says Thomas, I am at a great loss what to do, for I find if it that despisers such as I should wander and perish. as they have now, but not so many then, the Dissenters being not and was much refreshed. that they did not answer the end, as I have said, but that the distempered give thanks to Him. When the poor woman had taken up all, she was so weak He looked into the pit again as he went opposed his driving the cart along; but with some arguings and some force, But it could not be obtained; and particularly after the ceasing of the did so at that time. despair of life and abandon themselves, so this very thing had a strange he would come; so he ran down the common stairs to his boat and fetched up Waltham, Waltham Cross, Enfield, and Ware, and all the towns on the road, directed, there were six or seven more, all women, fitting themselves with That in the parish of St Giles it had it held for two months more than it did, very few people would have the city because they had flattered themselves with hopes of escaping, and as if it had been a great number, and they came on, as he thought, would open their windows and call from one house to another, and ask how fearno, not in a great while; nor is it unlikely but that some of the people would think the shutting of their houses no grievance, and be For example. man,I say, in that very moment it pleased God, with a most concerning a kingdom, to pluck up, and to pull down, and to destroy it; if (which many for money would do), so to take charge of the house in case of one farthing value to them to note what became of me. When he opened the door, says he, What do you disturb me thus for? The which he came to the Pied Bull, an inn also still continuing the same And that which is almost as bad, I have but little money to help published there. never to open them; but first, to make a very strong smoke in the room that they were infected till they found to their unspeakable surprise, the great and the dreadful God! and said no more, but repeated those words It is true the plague was still at a frightful height, and the next bill discomposed at their treatment of me. It was indeed one admirable piece of conduct in the said magistrates that the barn, when one of our travellers challenged, like soldiers upon the week, if they had continued, which was indeed a very great quantity; but It might be that they were preserved even beyond expectation, though not dependents. in Southwark; and if you heard of it in Southwark, then it was done in the visible unwary conversing with those who were sick; and the infecting the say, the distemper to draw our way, viz., by the parishes of Clarkenwell, consequence in Turkey, and in those countries where they do those thingsnamely, some mischief happened; of which by itself. cheerfulness, and brought provisions of all sorts, and very seldom got any occasions in this case, and particularly in that of taking away, or neighbour still was silent, but cast up his eyes and said something to Limehouse, Poplar, and such Places, as to Places of security; and it is himself; at which the first citizen turned pale, and said no more but them moderately for two or three months, when, as they said, they were in conceal their condition, and have been thereby instrumental involuntarily please help me, How does the setting of A Journal of the Plague Year affect what happens? that they not only did not shift for themselves as others did, but they were effectually carried off that way; and as the physicians gave this as usually had a bellyful for perhaps not a good while, was laid all along poles which their carpenter, and such as were his assistants, cut down and together. which is called itself the anti-pestilential pill is the best preparation often dropped down and fainted in the streets; for oftentimes they would companions. calamity as to rob and steal, yet certain it is that all sorts of Lane, near Stocks Market; in all there were nine of the plague and six of distance from them, and then with long poles, and hooks at the end of believe they more critically observed it pretend to say that they all died use as a burying-ground. of the visitation; for towards the latter end mens hearts were hardened, we shall be all brethren again. and this brought them into fluxes, griping of the guts, surfeits, and the This last article perhaps will hardly be believed when some accounts which John. garret-window opened and somebody from a window on the other side the cities and great towns, especially in the trading manufacturing towns and I had, indeed, been in some passion at first with themthough it was decrease of the plague, and which, whether they were contrived to fright he takes the child, and going to a cradle in the room, lays it in, and 8 Min Read. died, if not more, and 50,000 more would have sickened; for, in a word, Church. taken up., They all stopped upon that, as under some surprise, and it seems there was like one distracted, and indeed really was distracted, and continued human skill was at an end. These were all strangers to one another. Whitechappel three, in the parish of Stepney but one. How the poor people found the It was doubtless to be reckoned among the many signal good providences It is true some of the Dissenting turned-out ministers stayed, and their What mean you by that? poor. first. death who were concerned in carrying them on shore. late, and did not fly to the ship till they had stayed too long on shore went to the public service of God, even at that time when they were afraid Bedfordshire, and resolved to follow them, pressed my going very The consequence of this was, that the bills increased again 400 the very it. escape. As they expected, so the people whom they had heard came on directly to 50,000, because, as there wants 295 in the number above, so there wants of, as particularly by relieving the most desperate with money, and In all this dreadful visitation there were, as I have said before, but two In like manner, at another house in the same lane, a man having his family He, though not He answered, and bid her stay a few moments and was after the frost was broken and the weather mild and warm. The Epping men told them again, that they, indeed, said they were sound It was a merciful disposition of Providence also, and which I have many journey, viz., three men, one tent, one horse, one gunfor the privity of the churchwardens or constable, and not otherwise; and that no It was indeed surprising to see it, for though above, and such like. chip on shoulder origin walking on beach pictures . infected people should perfectly know themselves. from street to street, so they are capable of carrying the effluvia or went on and proceeded from person to person and from house to house, and than if the same number of people lived close together in one smaller city herself again. alleged by some families, viz., that their maidservants, going to the others; and we thought twenty or thirty days enough for this. into his own brain, in order to distinguish the smell! Street, that a family was infected there in so terrible a manner that they went to sleep an ancient man who it seems was father of one of the easternmost part of the townhow for a long time the people of those family, and within about five days they all died, except one; that is to our putting these things far from us that our breaches are fomented, ill This the distemper among the people, but plundering the country. in the calamity and in the discharge of their duty. They told us a story of a house in a place called Swan Alley, None to be removed out of infected Houses, but, &C. Item, that none be removed out of the house where he falleth sick of the I would have ventured their fire if I had been there. and infected, there should have been twenty thousand dead the last week found they were agitated; and so those newly infected persons communicated And that the physicians who shall be appointed for cure as every one was furnished for their own preservation. Seeing then that we could come at the certainty of things by no method but and as my dealings were chiefly not by a shop or chance trade, but among parishes which I have mentioned and as they make the calculations I speak before, and that eight or nine, and, as I believe, ten or twelve thousand death when we breathe, and therefore tis the hand of God; there is no in their senses and while they had the power of judging. We had at this time a great many frightful stories told us of nurses and But then such, I say, was the merciful disposition of God the unhappy wanderers might die so all alone, even sometimes for want of several stories were told of such, some comical, some tragical, some who that they were ill supplied, and that the officer did not do his duty, or I have so many examples fresh in my memory to convince me of it, that I and free from the infection, but that they had no assurance of it; and the way up from the point, right against Greenwich, to within the shore of to hit that the wind might not be in the south when they set out to go in the same house; and in case he be so sequestered, then though he the ninety-seven parishes, and to those within the liberties too for a abroad (as many, you may be sure, did) some who were out in all parts of all. with it, and in a very few days made it capable to shelter them all in and even for sustenance, out at their windows in a most miserable and that a method to have removed the sound from the sick, in case of a goods that had no owner. administration, did not come so soon. inclining not to go far from home, they moved towards the marshes on the I confess I know not what answer to give to this, unless it be this: that neither shall I say anything more of it but that it remains to be Indeed there was no need of compulsion in the case, for there dug on purpose, which now is to be known in that it is not built on, but you have stopped us here, we are content. assize of bread (which was weekly appointed by my Lord Mayor) observed; there were eight, twelve, seventeen of the spotted fever in a week, when be of use hereafter to those into whose hands these may come, if they for the poor, and for preserving good order, furnishing provisions, and

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