[59] An eruption commenced at 11:35 local time on 18 April 2006. 287 (2014) 5167]", "First geochemical survey of fumarolic gases from Lascar volcano (Central Andes, Chile)", "Linking magmatic processes and magma chemistry during the post-glacial to recent explosive eruptions of Ubinas volcano (southern Peru)", Peligros volcnicos de la Zona Norte de Chile, "Sistema Nacional de Proteccion Civil Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Volcan Popocatepetl Estudios Realizados Durante La Crisis de 1994-1995 Comite Cientifico Asesor Cenapred-Unam", "Satellite images uncertainty: eruption or resuspension? [12] However, the inhabitants of the town of Camar consider Lascar a protective mountain spirit[13] and in Susques (Argentina) it is believed that snow will fall if Lascar is steaming strongly. [9], Lascar is located atop of a ridge formed by the 5,293-metre-high (17,365ft) Cerro Corona and 5,192-metre-high (17,034ft) Cerro de Saltar lava domes, south and north of Lascar, respectively. Lascar is an andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano with 3 overlapping summit craters. [112] Sulfur is released from areas all over the cone, resulting in a noticeable sulfur smell. [16] A number of supervolcanoes exist in the Central Volcanic Zone, they are part of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex. [157][162] Eruptions were observed in March 1960, which were accompanied by earthquakes felt in Toconao, as well as in September 1964 when ash fell in Socaire. Wiki User. [220], Further activity occurred in May 2005, with a 810-kilometre-high (5.06.2mi) ash cloud, and in April 2006. [117] The presence of argon and nitrogen in low-temperature fumaroles indicates that air is involved in their formation,[100] although a portion of each of these two gases is non-atmospheric. The largest historical eruption of Lascar took place in 1993, producing pyroclastic flows to 8.5 km NW of the summit. The Chaile flows are actually formed by two separate units and are found on the southwest flanks of the volcano, up to a distance of 6 kilometres (3.7mi). It was suggested the nested craters of Lscar did not form due to a large explosion nor due to simple collapse but rather as a result of long term cyclic activity: dome growth, followed by degassing of a shallow magma reservoir and conduit, resulting in subsidence of the dome and further deepening of the crater floor. [21] The presence of Mesozoic limestone is indicated by xenoliths in Lascar's lavas; the only place they crop out farther east is in Argentina. Observers noted the formation of a cauliflower-shaped cloud that eventually developed into a mushroom cloud with a maximum height of 9.4 kilometres (5.8mi) above the volcano. Flashcards. [55] The extinct western cone (also known as Apagado) is composed of layers of lava and pyroclastics. [174] The strongest pulse occurred on 20 April between 6:28 and 9:20 and sent flows towards the northwest. The largest eruption of Lascar known to recorded history occurred in April 1993 and caused ash fall as far away as Buenos Aires. [140] The Soncor magmas were associated with a volatile phase that underwent extensive interaction with the future eruption products. The importance of the multidisciplinary approach. [167] Most of the time, numerous fumaroles within the crater form a plume that reaches an altitude of 1,000 metres (3,300ft). [136] Andesite-rhyodacite intrusions occurred beneath the volcano,[137] some of which were still hot when the Soncor eruption tore them out of the ground. For some eruptions, including the January 1854 eruption, it is not clear whether they occurred at Lascar or Aguas Calientes,[157] and some early reports of volcanic activity at Aguas Calientes probably refer to Lascar. The biggest eruption of Lascar in historical time was in 1993 and produced pyroclastic flows, which traveled 8.5 km NW of the summit, and ashfall in Buenos Aires. Lascar has been active since at least 56,000 years ago, though some argue for activity beginning 220,000 years ago. This unit, formed during stage II, is known as Piedras Grandes,[53]and is exposed on the western slopes below about 4,900 metres (16,100ft) altitude. [91], Lascar emits plumes of gas and white clouds of condensed water vapor,[29] mostly over many hundreds of fumarolic vents, which are chiefly located in the active crater. During minor explosive eruptions, eruption columns reach heights of up to 5,000 metres (16,000ft). [78] This occurs because as the magma loses its gas content, the number of pores in it, and thus its permeability to gas, decreases. The chamber may be surrounded by skarnic alteration. The eastern edifice formed first (stage I), erupting andesite containing pyroxene, and eventually forming the Chaile and Saltar pyroclastic flows. It was accompanied by a Plinian fall deposit. [134], Later volcanic activity buried this edifice beneath thin pyroclastic flows. [172] Other flows occurred at 12:05, after 13:37, 17:25, 21:3521:48, 23:4023:50 and on 20 April at 9:20. Lascar is a stratovolcano in Chile within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, a volcanic arc that spans Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. A volcano in the Andes in Chile's north rumbled to life on Saturday, triggering minor earth tremors and sending a plume of smoke and ash thousands of metres into the sky.. Chile's National Geology and Mining Service reported that the Lascar volcano stirred at 12.36pm. At what boundaries do volcanoes form? Stato attuale: normal or dormant (1 di 5) Last update: 3 feb 2022 (Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report) Lscar volcano in northern Chile is the most active of the northern Chilean Andes. Ash fall in Salta occurred about one hour after the eruption. Lscar Volcano, located in the Chilean Andes 70 km SE of San Pedro de Atacama, is the most active volcano of the Central Volcanic Zone. [47] The composition of the Piedras Grandes unit is andesite containing amphibole, basaltic andesite and hornblende. [218] An ash plume was carried 660 kilometres (410mi) east. [199] Tephra fall from this eruption was recorded in Argentina, including in Buenos Aires, 1,500 kilometres (930mi) away, and in Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. [54], Large lava flows are noticeable on the flanks of the volcano,[34] with a total of eight lava flows recognized. High quantities of arsenic have been observed in local crops. [63] A 6-kilometre-long (3.7mi) lava flow on the northern flank reaches almost to the village of Talabre. [183] The southern flank flows at first proceeded along a gully before spreading out. [177], The eruption columns underwent several collapses, creating pyroclastic flows at least seven to nine times. [16] These volcanic zones are separated by areas where recent volcanism is absent; one common theory is that the subduction processes responsible for volcanism form a subducting plate that is too shallow to trigger the formation of magma. [170] While eruptions before 1993 had always been preceded by a reduction in heat radiated from the volcano, such a reduction in 19992000 did not lead to an eruption, and when an eruption took place in July 2000, it was preceded by only a brief drop in heat radiation. [2], Seismic activity occurs at Lascar. How to watch volcanoes? Acamarachi is the white cone on the right. [19] It is possible that when these ridges are subducted, the buoyancy they carry disrupts the subduction process and reduces the supply of water, which is important for the formation of melts. Aguas Calientes in the middle; Lascar on the left. According to SEGEMAR the pyroclastic flows traveled short distances to the N and SE. The Saltar flow reached widths of 0.71.3 kilometres (0.430.81mi) and thicknesses of 520 metres (1666ft), increasing to 35 metres (115ft) where the flow entered valleys. [53] This volcano was formed by andesite-dacite lava flows (stage III) and scoria. [36], Lascar is a steep volcano[7] formed by two irregularly shaped truncated cones that extend eastwest,[52][53] on a trend that includes Aguas Calientes. [244] Thallium from the volcano is a pollution hazard in the Talabre area. Terms in this set (10) Active volcano. [143] The deposits are formed by a Plinian fallout deposit and an ignimbrite rich in lithics. [36][70] The Miscanti Line dissects the Quaternary basement beneath Lascar,[71] and it may be a hinge of a fold that is being propagated by faults. A volcano in the Andes in Chile's north rumbled to life early Saturday, triggering minor earth tremors and sending a plume of smoke and ash 6,000 meters (nearly 20,000 feet) into a clear sky.. The fumaroles also release carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, and smaller amounts of helium. The lava dome had disappeared, but in early 1992, another lava dome formed, eventually reaching a size of 180190 metres (590620ft) width and 40 metres (130ft) height, and was accompanied by explosions. [53] Activity has alternated between the eastern and western part of the volcano during its history. [68] Traces of glacial action are found on the older parts of Lascar at altitudes above 4,600 metres (15,100ft) and include meltwater gorges, striated rock surfaces, and U-shaped valleys. [104], Gases are partly supplied from shallow magma; the volume of magma erupted is too small to contain all the exhalations. [14], Volcanoes in the Andes occur in four separate regions: the Northern Volcanic Zone between 2N and 5S, the Central Volcanic Zone between 16S and 28S, the Southern Volcanic Zone between 33S and 46S,[15] and the Austral Volcanic Zone, south of the Southern Volcanic Zone. [67] The vent was no wider than 2 kilometres (1.2mi), as it is completely hidden beneath the western cone. [72] Persistent snow cover exists on the western and southern slopes of the volcano; it contributes partly to the fumarole water. [6] The present-day snowline in the region lies at an altitude of 6,050 metres (19,850ft), higher than the summit of Lascar. [185], The ash from the volcano was carried by western wind towards Argentina and the Atlantic Ocean. [36][44] Other basement rocks are the sandstone-containing marine DevonianCarboniferous Lila formation, the red-orange Permian Cas formation containing volcanic rocks and granites,[21][37] as well as the volcanic PermianTriassic Peine formation and Cerro Negro strata, which also contain intruded rocks and lake sediments. Long-period earthquakes with magnitudes not exceeding 1.3 were also recorded, with a maximum of 209 events noted in May 2015. This dome began to shrink in October 1989, and in December 1989, white clouds rose 2 kilometres (1.2mi) above Lascar's crater. Contact of lead scientist: T.R. The seismicity was the most notable recorded since the eruption on 10 December. [86] After the end of stage I, a period of glacial erosion occurred prior to new activity,[72] which created furrows in the Saltar flow. [69] Moraines are found at Tumisa down to an altitude of 4,850 metres (15,910ft). Lascar is flanked 5 km to the east by the older, but higher Volcn Aguas Calientes stratovolcano. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. [44] The end of glaciation may have accompanied an increase in volcanic activity, a phenomenon that has been noted at other volcanoes. [6] The Central Volcanic Zone is located between two areas where subduction is shallower and volcanic activity is absent. [247] In 1993, yearly precipitation at several towns around Lascar ranged from 2.5 to 20.1 millimetres (0.098 to 0.791in). Today the volcanic complex consists of the dormant western edifice and the active eastern edifice, the latter comprising three overlapping craters. [43] The Pampa Chamaca and Tuyajto ignimbrites are somewhat younger, 2.62.2 million and less than 1 million years respectively. Trenches mark subduction zones. Lascar is an andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano with 3 . A stratovolcano within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, The Lascar volcano, seen from the Chaxas lagoon on the Gran Salar. Grey pumice deposits from the 1993 eruption are visible in the photo above and below. Our expert volcanologists and photographers offer unique travel experiences: Lascar Volcano, Chile (Photo: Jiri VonDrak). [227], The National Geology and Mining Service of Chile considers Lascar Chile's 14th most dangerous volcano,[237] and in 2020 classified it as a "type I" volcano. By 28 December, the dome had subsided completely in the centre, leaving only its margins. At least nine units form the Saltar deposit, with the northern flows displaying flow welding. It features well developed levees and a 10-metre-thick (33ft) flow front. [64] The Quebrada Talabre was scoured by pyroclastic flows during the 1993 eruption, exposing bedrock and Tertiary ignimbrites. Why It Matters: Science of Geology 2. [101] The fumarole gases react with surrounding rocks, forming precipitates and altered rocks. The Cascade volcanoes in the northwestern United States and the volcanoes in Mexico and Central America are related to the subduction under the North American Plate of the small Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates, which are on the east side of the Pacific Plate. [31] Larger particles fell closer to the volcano, while smaller particles were carried farther. Science of Geology and Scientific Method 1. [26] The andesitic-dacitic Aguas Calientes is located 5 kilometres (3.1mi) east of Lascar; it may have formed a lava flow close to the summit during the Holocene. Hikers were near the crater and took video of the eruption. Divergent Plate Boundaries At a divergent boundary, tectonic plates move apart from one another. Subsequently, a number of fumaroles were active around the crater. [194], The flows were strongly erosive, extracting rocks and material from the bedrock, even far away from the vent. [132], Lava flows less than 50 metres (160ft) thick issued from the stage I cone and reached lengths of 16 kilometres (9.9mi). The white mushroom eruptive column rose 4000-5000 m high over the summit. [30] Also fumarolically active are: Sabancaya, El Misti, Ubinas, Tacora, Isluga, Irruputuncu, Olca, Ollague, San Pedro, Putana and Lastarria. Hydrocarbons and other organic compounds are also found in the low-temperature fumaroles. [214] During April 1993, a new lava dome formed in the crater, reaching a diameter of 380 metres (1,250ft). Large lava flows are visible on its NW flanks. It is composed of two separate cones with several summit craters. [175] The total mass flux of the eruption was about 10,000,000100,000,000 kilograms per second (860,000,0008.64109t/d), comparable to the 1982 eruption of El Chichon. [90] The Piedras Grandes unit is over 26,500 years old,[39] possibly between 63,000 and 100,000 years old. [64] The total volume of these pyroclastic flows is about 0.06 cubic kilometres (0.014cumi). [98] Total flux is estimated to be 1,31218,469 kilograms per second (2,89040,720lb/s),[87] and occurs even between eruptions. [249] 8,500 years ago, the climate in the region became much drier, and the amount of erosion decreased substantially. [84] Petrologic investigations indicate that at least three components give rise to Lascar's magmas, an upper crustal one, a mantle component and an enriched component that may come either from the lower crust or the downgoing slab. [34] It probably formed when one of the craters filled with andesitic lava to the point of overflow. [58] The craters show evidence that activity has migrated westward. [123] Electrical conductivity data suggest that a hydrothermal system exists beneath Lascar,[124] but the existence of such a system has been questioned. [193] The pyroclastic flow surfaces subsided after the eruption, with pulses of faster subsidence coinciding with the 1995 Antofagasta earthquake and the 2007 Tocopilla earthquake. [100] Trace elements include arsenic, boron and titanium, with smaller amounts of barium, chromium, copper, lead, strontium and zinc. Data available through GEOFON. A number of other volcanoes are found in the region, such as Aguas Calientes, Cordon de Puntas Negras and the giant La Pacana caldera. It is about 800 m in diameter and 300 m deep. A seismic monitoring experiment was realized in 2008. The western edifice generated a complex of lava domes (stage II),[53] which was probably surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped crater open to the west. [79] The magmas are contaminated by the local crust, but not to the extent found in the Galan or Purico complex eruption products. [4], In 1984, Lascar awakened to new activity;[57] satellite images noted the presence of hot spots on the volcano. [86], The magma chamber of Lascar appears to lie at depths of 1017 kilometres (6.210.6mi),[87] although the lack of deformation of the edifice during the 1993 eruption indicates that it may be deeper, over 2530 kilometres (1619mi) or even over 40 kilometres (25mi) deep. Imprecise argonargon dating on younger andesites has yielded dates of 14,000 18,000 and 17,000 22,000 years. [164] This eruption was the most significant of the previous two decades,[163] having a VEI of 3. 2017-03-03 22:36:33. [250], Temperatures in the surrounding region range between 25 and 40C (13 and 104F). Lascar vulcano. [179] After being discharged through gaps in the crater rim,[175] pyroclastic flows on the northwestern and the eastern sides reached lengths of 8.5 kilometres (5.3mi),[180] and 4 kilometres (2.5mi) on the southern side. [111] There is no clear association between periods of degassing and eruptions. [129] Landsat images taken during this time indicate that a lava lake may have existed in the central crater,[163] generating a plume of volcanic gases and, in September 1986, a vulcanian eruption happened and dropped ash in Salta, Argentina. It started to shrink again by May. [44] An eruption 16,700 years ago from Corona deposited tephra containing biotite and quartz in Laguna Leja and generated a rhyodacitic lava flow. [196] Additional surfaces were covered by ash cloud surges, reaching thicknesses of no more than 5 centimetres (2.0in) on the sides of the pyroclastic flows. [181] These flows reached a thickness of about 510 metres (1633ft) and advanced through the Quebrada de Talabre, which had intercepted the flows on the northern flank. This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. [99], There are high-temperature fumaroles (temperatures equal to or exceeding 150C (302F)) and low-temperature fumaroles (temperatures of less than 82C (180F)), with noticeable chemical differences between the two; the latter tend to emit far more water than carbon dioxide. To the left, in the background, the. It is an andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano with six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center. The whole volcano did not deform during the eruption sequence. Light, dark, and banded pumice are mixed in this flow. [59], Layers of lava and pyroclastics are discernible in the craters. This sulfur extraction was facilitated by the high oxygen content of the magma, which allowed the formation of sulfur dioxide. [23], About 122 volcanoes with Holocene eruptions exist in the Andean Volcanic Belt, including Ojos del Salado which with a height of 6,887 metres (22,595ft) is the highest volcano in the world. [251], Due to the dry climate, there is little vegetation at Lascar. [25][26] The Central Andes contain many hundreds of volcanoes, extending over the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. [95], A number of xenoliths occur in Lascar's rocks; a large amount of the phenocrysts are ultimately derived from them. [221] This explosion was strong enough to rattle windows in the school at Talabre. [35], A 200-metre-wide (660ft) and 50-metre-high (160ft) lava dome formed in early 1989. Its rocks have a pale gray-blue colour, and their composition resembles the Soncor flow, despite more mafic lavas and pyroclastics being erupted in the time period between the emplacement of the Soncor flow and the Capricorn Lava. In 1985, a 150-by-150-metre (490ft 490ft) hot spot in this crater was observed in satellite images. [231] In December 2022, an explosion generated a 6 kilometres (3.7mi) high plume. [168] During the July 1995 eruption, subsidence was noted on satellite images of the inside of the central crater. What plate is forming lascar volcano? The name originates from the Atacameo word lskar or lassi (English: tongue), thought to refer to the shape of the volcano. [166] A phreatic eruption around 14:30 on 18 April formed the prelude to the eruption. It was emplaced after the collapse of the oldest edifice, covering Aguas Calientes' western slopes. Sept. 9, 2022. [154] This debris avalanche is 50 metres (160ft) thick and 25 kilometres (16mi) long. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. [110] There are temporal variations in the output: after a decrease in 2009, sulfur output increased in 2012, probably as a consequence of the arrival of new magma at depth. [35] With a surface area of 54 square kilometres (21sqmi), the volcano has a volume of 15 cubic kilometres (3.6cumi). [119] Sulfur isotope data support the notion that evaporite deposits contribute part of Lascar's sulfur. During earthquakes which type of fault results when one plate is compressed up onto another plate.

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