During air raids in 1915 people used the tube stations as shelters. [148] Travellers were asked to stand on the right so that anyone wishing to overtake them would have a clear passage on the left side of the escalator. [60] After work restarted on the Central line extensions in east and west London, these were completed in 1949. The Overground never runs underground. The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. The day-to-day running of the corporation is left to the Commissioner of Transport for London. build the 'Thameslink 2' to Stratford via Greenwich, Canary Wharf and Bromley-by-Bow to take pressure off the DLR, and then go up to Stansted Airport where . Devised in 1933 by Harry Beck, the London Underground map is a 20th-century design classic. [17][18][19] The schematic Tube map, designed by Harry Beck in 1931, was voted a national design icon in 2006 and now includes other transport systems besides the Underground, such as the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Thameslink, the Elizabeth line, and Tramlink. To enable this, ventilation, power supply and control and signalling systems will be adapted and modified to allow the increase in frequency. [24] It was hailed as a success, carrying 38,000 passengers on the opening day, and borrowing trains from other railways to supplement the service. [38] There were other reports claiming beneficial outcomes of using the Underground, including the designation of Great Portland Street as a "sanatorium for [sufferers of ] asthma and bronchial complaints", tonsillitis could be cured with acid gas and the Twopenny Tube cured anorexia. Meanwhile, Mayor of London Boris Johnson decided it should be demolished along with the Earls Court Exhibition Centre as part of Europe's biggest regeneration scheme. Reveal Map: World Capitals II. As of 2021, the record for fastest completion was held by Steve Wilson (UK) and Andi James (Finland), who completed the challenge in 15 hours, 45 minutes and 38 seconds on 21 May 2015. [104][105] Sixteen Underground stations are outside London region, eight on the Metropolitan line and eight on the Central line. The Tube Challenge is the competition for the fastest time to travel to all London Underground stations, tracked by Guinness World Records since 1960. A total of 173 people, including 62 children, died, making this both the worst civilian disaster in Britain during the Second World War, and the largest loss of life in a single incident on the London Underground network. The alterations to the ventilation system are important, not only to heat exchange, but also the quality of the air at platform level, particularly given its asbestos content. [214][215], The tube closes overnight during the week, but since 2016, the Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, and Victoria lines, as well as a short section of the London Overground have operated all night on Friday and Saturday nights. Capacity can be increased further if the operation of the Charing Cross and Bank branches is separated. Photo Sales. [155], In mid-2012, London Underground, in partnership with Virgin Media, tried out Wi-Fi hot spots in many stations, but not in the tunnels, that allowed passengers free internet access. [39] In the early 20th century, the District and Metropolitan railways needed to electrify and a joint committee recommended an AC system, the two companies co-operating because of the shared ownership of the inner circle. There are 184 lifts,[153] and numbers have increased in recent years because of investment in making tube stations accessible. The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. 1869. Chiltern Railways shares track with the Metropolitan Line between Harrow-on-the-Hill and Amersham. Bond Street Underground Station Tube Station Canary Wharf Underground Station Tube Station Farringdon Underground Station Tube Station King's Cross St. Pancras Underground Station Tube Station London Bridge Underground Station Tube Station Tottenham Court Road Underground Station Tube Station Waterloo Underground Station Tube Station [128] New trains are designed for maximum number of standing passengers and for speed of access to the cars and have regenerative braking and public address systems. [307] The Met changed to a serif letterform for its signs in the 1920s, used on the stations rebuilt by Clark. [193] There are nine zones with zone 1 being the central zone, which includes the loop of the Circle line with a few stations to the south of River Thames. [1] Many of the central London underground stations on deep-level tube routes are higher than the running lines to assist deceleration when arriving and acceleration when departing. [238] When asked, passengers report overcrowding as the aspect of the network that they are least satisfied with, and overcrowding has been linked to poor productivity and potential poor heart health. It was the UK's deadliest terrorist incident since 1988. The current operator, London Underground Limited (LUL), is a wholly owned subsidiary of Transport for London (TfL), the statutory corporation responsible for the transport network in London. [124], London Underground trains come in two sizes, larger sub-surface trains and smaller deep-tube trains. These would be used to increase frequencies and cover the Battersea extension on the Northern line.[183]. The system operates below ground in central London but runs on the surface in the outlying suburbs. [189] The invitation to tender for the trains was issued in January 2016;[190] the specifications for the Piccadilly line infrastructure are expected in 2016,[184][185] and the first train is due to run on the Piccadilly line in 2023. Round 3: London Underground True or False Questions. [45], A joint marketing agreement between most of the companies in the early years of the 20th century included maps, joint publicity, through ticketing and UNDERGROUND signs, incorporating the first bullseye symbol,[37] outside stations in Central London. The Hammersmith and City line, which runs from Hammersmith in west London to Barking in east London, serves 29 tube stations and shares stops with the District, Circle, Metropolitan,. In many stations the ventilation system is now ineffective because of alterations that reduce tunnel diameters and increase turbulence. [66][71] Also during the 1960s, the Victoria line was dug under central London and, unlike the earlier tunnels, did not follow the roads above. London Underground was strongly criticised in the aftermath for its attitude to fires underground, and publication of the report into the fire led to the resignation of senior management of both London Underground and London Regional Transport. [6] The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. All underground trains are required to comply with The Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Non Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2010 (RVAR 2010) by 2020.[130]. The Bakerloo, Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines are deep-level tubes, with smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels (tubes) with a diameter about 11feet 8inches (3.56m). 1. [276] Crossrail will also be identified with a roundel. [231][232], As of January2022[update], there are 90 stations with step-free access from platform to train,[154][233][234] and there are plans to provide step-free access at another 11 stations by 2024. Heathrow has three London Underground stations - one for Terminals 2 and 3 and one each at Terminal 4 and Terminal 5. This, combined with segregation of trains at Camden Town junction, will allow 3036 trains per hour compared to 24 trains per hour currently. [75], In 1979 another new tube, the Jubilee line, named in honour of Queen Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee, took over the Stanmore branch from the Bakerloo line, linking it to a newly constructed tube between Baker Street and Charing Cross stations. This line is important in this project because it currently provides a less frequent service than other lines. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. 14:18, Tue Small changes to the Tube network occurred in the 2000s, with extensions to Heathrow Terminal 5, new station at Wood Lane and the Circle line changed from serving a closed loop around the centre of London to a spiral also serving Hammersmith in 2009. [53], In 1933, most of London's underground railways, tramway and bus services were merged to form the London Passenger Transport Board, which used the London Transport brand. [72], On 1 January 1970 responsibility for public transport within Greater London passed from central government to local government, in the form of the Greater London Council (GLC), and the London Transport Board was abolished. [167] The long proposed Croxley Rail Link (an extension of the Metropolitan line) was cancelled in 2018 due to higher than expected costs and lack of funding. Over 500million journeys have taken place using contactless, and TfL has become one of Europe's largest contactless merchants, with around 1 in 10 contactless transactions in the UK taking place on the TfL network. [25] The Metropolitan District Railway (commonly known as the District Railway) opened in December 1868 from South Kensington to Westminster as part of a plan for an underground "inner circle" connecting London's main-line stations. The other names listed may have been used previously on station signage, on network maps, in advertisements or in planning material . [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). The resulting fire cost the lives of 31 people and injured a further 100. [135][136] The main purpose of the London Underground's ventilation fans is to extract hot air from the tunnels,[132] and fans across the network are being refurbished, although complaints of noise from local residents preclude their use at full power at night. [281] The Metropolitan Railway's original seven stations were inspired by Italianate designs, with the platforms lit by daylight from above and by gas lights in large glass globes. [289] Harry W. Ford was responsible for the design of at least 17 UERL and District Railway stations, including Barons Court and Embankment, and claimed to have first thought of enlarging the U and D in the UNDERGROUND wordmark. When the Central line was extended east, the stations were simplified Holden proto-Brutalist designs,[295] and a cavernous concourse built at Gants Hill in honour of early Moscow Metro stations. It has 50 stations, counting all branches, and is the busiest of all lines, with 294 million passenger journeys recorded in 2016/17. [50] The Metropolitan promoted housing estates near the railway with the "Metro-land" brand and nine housing estates were built near stations on the line. Taking a moment to stop, step back, and look around inside some of London's Underground stations will reveal a wonderful display of urban design. The two Paddington stations operate as a combined station with shared usage statistics. Heathrow Terminal 4 station was closed during the COVID national lockdown. [11] In addition, the Underground does not cover most southern parts of Greater London, and there are only 33 stations south of the River Thames. [26] The Metropolitan and District railways completed the Circle line in 1884,[27] built using the cut and cover method. The Bakerloo line will receive new trains as part of the New Tube for London project. [339] Analysis of the Underground as a network may also be helpful for setting safety priorities, since the stations targeted in the 2005 London bombings were amongst the most effective for disrupting the transportation system. . A route from Elephant & Castle to Lewisham via the Old Kent Road and New Cross Gate was chosen by Transport for London in 2019. Many platforms have unique interior designs to help passenger identification. [240], Compared with 200304, the reliability of the network had increased in 201011, with lost customer hours reduced from 54million to 40million. [280], An early form of the roundel as used on the platform at Ealing Broadway, The form used today outside Westminster tube station, Roundel and "way out" arrow on a platform at Bethnal Green station, Michael Craig-Martin's 2016 roundel design, NO SMOKING signs using the roundel which are present only on the 1972 stock trains of the Bakerloo line, Seventy of the 272 London Underground stations use buildings that are on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, and five have entrances in listed buildings. [210] Residents born before 1951 were eligible after their 60th birthday, whereas those born in 1955 will need to wait until they are 66. Hyde Park Corner is on the Northern Line. A notice was published on 28 February 2014 in the Official Journal of the European Union asking for expressions of interest in building the trains. The Carr-Edwards report, published in 1938 as possibly the first attempt at a graphics standards manual, introduced stricter guidelines. [16] This technology, developed in-house by TfL,[207] has been licensed to other major cities like New York City[208] and Boston. [93] This record was subsequently beaten in later years, with 4.82 million riders in December 2015. Other famous London Underground branding includes the roundel and the Johnston typeface, created by Edward Johnston in 1916. [11] Despite its name, only 45% of the system is under the ground: much of the network in the outer environs of London is on the surface. On our website, you will find the following information about the London Underground: maps of daytime and night-time services, fares, timetables, maps of each tube line, and the railway lines connecting each end of Greater London. [37], With the advent of electric Tube services (the Waterloo and City Railway and the Great Northern and City Railway), the Volks Electric Railway, in Brighton, and competition from electric trams, the pioneering Underground companies needed modernising. The first section of the Metropolitan District Railway, from South Kensington to Westminster (now part of the District and Circle lines), opens. This has the effect of reducing laminar airflow by 94%. [143], Originally access to the deep-tube platforms was by a lift. [234] By 2016 a third of stations had platform humps that reduce the step from platform to train. Passengers travelling without a valid ticket must pay a penalty fare of 80 (40 if paid within 21days) and can be prosecuted for fare evasion under the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 and Transport for London Byelaws. ", "Rolling Origin & Destination Survey (RODS)", "Up to date per line London Underground usage statistics", "Piccadilly Underground line Transport for London", Passenger Train Services over Unusual Lines, "Passenger Train Services over Unusual Lines", "Making transport more accessible to all", "Environmental Quality in Underground Railways", "Work begins to cool the platforms at two major central London stations", "Improving the Tube What we're doing Improving the trains", "Numeric and experimental analysis of the turbulent flow through a channel with baffle plates", "Deadly Asbestos 'All Over the Place' on London Underground", "Mystery over Tube escalator etiquette cleared up by restored film", "Incline lift at Greenford Tube station is UK first", "Improvements and Projects Step-free access", "London Underground Advertising | All Products & Formats", "Virgin Media extends free wi-fi on London Underground until 2013", "Plans for mobile network on London underground shelved", "4G on Jubilee line tunnel section from March 2020", "London Underground Virgin Media WiFi Network", "New consultation on Bakerloo line extension opens today", "Bakerloo line extension Background to Consultation Summary Report October 2019", "Planning for the Future Bakerloo line extension", "Clapham Junction next for Northern Line says London Assembly member", "Metropolitan Line extension stalemate between mayor Sadiq Khan and government leaves TFL mulling bus scheme alternative", "Canary Wharf Group in talks about rail link to Euston", "Information on the Northern Line upgrade", "Major works to improve Victoria line services this summer", "All Victoria Line trains to run 'end to end' for first time", "Third Time Lucky: A Look At The New Sub-Surface Signalling Plan", "LU begins search for new Jubilee and Northern line train supplier", "Design for the 'New Tube for London' revealed", "Driverless Tube trains: Unions vow 'war' over plan", "New Tube for London invitations to tender issued", "Khan: New Piccadilly rolling stock will be delivered by 2023", "East Yorkshire factory wins 1.5bn Tube train deal", "TfL to accept Apple Pay on public transport", "Android Pay accepted for pay as you go travel in London", "Fares & payments Contactless Apple Pay", "Fares & payments Fares Tube, DLR and London Overground", "Fares & payments Oyster Using your Oyster card Capping", "Fares & payments Oyster Using your Oyster card Incomplete journeys", "The 66.5million cost of not touching out your Oyster card", "London's contactless fares system to power New York's subway, bus and rail journeys", "New York to Replace MetroCard With Modern Way to Pay Transit Fares", "The MBTA has a $723 million plan to change the way you pay for rides The Boston Globe", "Revenue Enforcement and Prosecutions Policy", "Later London Underground service being considered", "Party on, London Tube will run an hour later on Fridays and Saturdays", "Transport in London over Christmas and New Year's Eve", "London 2012 Olympics: Tube to shut hour later, TfL says", "Night Tube start date postponed as talks continue", "London tube to run all night at weekends but 750 jobs to go", "London night tube services to Heathrow start this weekendCoronavirus: London cuts Tube trains and warns 'don't travel unless you really have to', "The London Underground An accessible future? [248], In November 2011 it was reported that 80 people had died by suicide in the previous year on the London Underground, up from 46 in 2000. Lewisham previously had two Underground stations on the East London Line, but they are part of the London Overground network. [194] Paper tickets, the contactless Oyster cards, contactless debit or credit cards[195] and Apple Pay[196] and Android Pay[197] smartphones and watches can be used for travel. In some cases, such as Aldwych and Ongar, the buildings remain and are used for other purposes. [241] Passengers are entitled to a refund if their journey is delayed by 15minutes or more due to circumstances within the control of TfL,[242] and in 2010, 330,000 passengers out of a potential 11million Tube passengers claimed compensation for delays. [274] Between 1948 and 1957 the word "Underground" in the bar was replaced by "London Transport". All Usage statistics (total entry plus exits) are in millions per year for 2021 , Video of every London Underground Station, Circle and Hammersmith & City lines station, Bakerloo, Circle and District lines station, List of former and unopened London Underground stations, List of busiest London Underground stations, London Underground stations that are listed buildings, "New Northern line stations open today as Tube extends to Battersea Power Station", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_London_Underground_stations&oldid=1132862226, Commercial Road: (Proposed before opening), Nightingale Lane: (Proposed before opening), Ilford North/Cranbrook: (Proposed before opening), King's Cross (Metropolitan line): 18631925, Cranbourn Street: (Proposed before opening), Lisson Grove/Marylebone: (Proposed before opening), King William Street: (Proposed before opening), Moorgate Street (Metropolitan line): 18651924, Seymour Street: (Proposed before opening), East Barnet/Merryhills: (Proposed before opening), Kennington Oval: (Proposed before opening), Paddington (Praed Street) (Circle line): 18681947, Ilford West/Red House: (Proposed before opening), Newgate Street: (Proposed before opening), Ducketts Green/Harringay: (Proposed before opening), Warrington Crescent: (Proposed before opening), Archway Tavern: (Proposed before opening), Arsenal (Highbury Hill): 1932 (suffix gradually dropped), Lombard Street (Northern line): (Proposed before opening), Bayswater (Queen's Road) & Westbourne Grove: 192333, Bayswater (Queensway): 1946 (suffix gradually dropped), Sheaves Hill/Orange Hill/Deansbrook: (Proposed before opening), Burnt Oak (Watling): 1928 (suffix gradually dropped), Chancery Lane (Grays Inn): 1934 (suffix gradually dropped), Trafalgar Square (Bakerloo line): 190679, Charing Cross (Strand) (Northern line): 191415, Charing Cross (Embankment) (Bakerloo & Northern lines): 191415, This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 23:39. [42] By 1907 the District and Metropolitan Railways had electrified the underground sections of their lines. [34] These two ran electric trains in circular tunnels having diameters between 11feet 8inches (3.56m) and 12feet 2.5inches (3.72m),[35] whereas the Great Northern and City Railway, which opened in 1904, was built to take main line trains from Finsbury Park to a Moorgate terminus in the City and had 16-foot (4.9m) diameter tunnels. [222] The Night Tube proposal was originally scheduled to start on 12 September 2015, following completion of upgrades, but in August 2015 it was announced that the start date for the Night Tube had been pushed back because of ongoing talks about contract terms between trade unions and London Underground. Although the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines station at Paddington is on the other side of the main line station to the Bakerloo, Circle and District lines station, it is shown as a single station on the current Tube map, but still counted as 2 in the official station count.

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